We have studied the ability of clonidine to potentiate morphine analgesia in 28 patients (ASA I) after meniscectomy under general anaesthesia. One hour after surgery, morphine 3 mg (n = 10), clonidine 75 micrograms (n = 8) or morphine 3 mg plus clonidine 75 micrograms (n = 10) was injected extradurally. Morphine alone and in combination with clonidine produced similar and significant analgesia ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of intrathecal morphine on pulmonary function, analgesia, and morphine plasma concentrations after cardiac surgery. INTRODUCTION Lung dysfunction increases morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Regional analgesia may improve pulmonary outcomes by reducing pain, but the occurrence of this benefit remains controversial. METHODS Forty-two patients we...

Opioid analgesics are commonly used in chronic pain management despite a potential risk of rewarding. However, it remains unclear whether opioid analgesia would enhance the opioid rewarding effect thereby contributing to opioid rewarding. Utilizing a rat paradigm of conditioned place preference (CPP) combined with ankle monoarthritis as a condition of persistent nociception, we showed that anal...

Post operative pain is very unpleasant. Adequate analgesia during post operative period gives good patient satisfaction. To assess the adequacy of post operative analgesia in patients undergoing caesarean section. This prospective study was carried out in Lumbini Medical College, Palpa in the year, and April 2011 to October 2011. A total of 60 caesarean section cases of ASA grading I or II were...

conclusions the results of this study showed that lidocaine spray had the best pain controlling effect at 20 minutes in the recovery room, but after 40 minutes, ketamine and morphine sprays were more effective than the lidocaine spray. results in the early postoperative period (time: 0) and at 20, 40 and 60 minutes of recovery time, flacc scale scores in the control group were higher than in th...

background and objectives: previous studies have shown the antinociceptive effect of morphine in animal models, but the specific anti-pain consequence of the abuse drug in female animals is unclear. the present research showed the morphine antinociception in female wistar rats using formalin test. materials and methods: subjects were 40 female wistar rats purchased from pasteur institute of ira...

Ingestion of placenta and amniotic fluid has been shown to enhance opioid-mediated analgesia in rats produced by morphine injection, footshock, vaginal/cervical stimulation, and during late pregnancy. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of amniotic fluid ingestion on the characteristics of morphine dependency and withdrawal. Tail-flick latencies in Long-Evans rats were det...

Sustained-release oral morphine sulphate (MST) 20 mg was administered to 11 healthy volunteers. Mean peak plasma morphine concentration was 14.8 ng ml-1, and occurred at a mean time of 142.5 min after ingestion. Analgesia assessed by an ischaemic forearm pain test increased to a maximum approximately 40 min after the calculated peak plasma concentration of morphine had been achieved, and remain...

Although morphine induces both analgesia and dependence through mu-opioid receptors (MORs), the respective contributions of the intracellular effectors engaged by MORs remain unknown. To examine the contribution of G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK, Kir3) channels to morphine dependence and analgesia, we quantified naloxone-precipitated withdrawal behavior and morphine analgesia us...

The effects of adding 0.2 mg preservative-free morphine sulfate in 0.2 ml solution to hyperbaric spinal bupivacaine were evaluated in a double-blind randomized prospective study of 34 patients undergoing elective repeat cesarean section. In the control patients (n = 17), 0.2 ml saline instead of morphine was added to bupivacaine. The intrathecal morphine significantly improved intra- and postop...