We use methods from Markov chain theory to analyze the performance of some simple GA models on a class of deceptive objective functions. We consider the invariant distribution, the average expected hitting time, the mixing rate, and limits of these quantities as the objective function becomes more and more highly skewed.

Visualization is the science of representing data visually in order to enhance communication or understanding. In this way, the complex and powerful capabilities of the human visual system can be harnessed to aid in the comprehension of potentially huge quantities of information. Since the information contained in visualizations must pass through the perceptual system, careful attention to the ...

Effective tools are crucial for visualizing large quantities of information. While developing these tools, numerous graph drawing problems emerge. We present solutions for reducing clutter in a radial visualization of a bipartite graph representing the alerts generated by an IDS protecting a computer network. Our solutions rely essentially on (i) unambiguous edge bundling to reduce the number o...

Small-scale mixing is of uttermost importance in bioand chemical analyses using micro TAS (total analysis systems) or lab-on-chips. Many microfluidic applications involve chemical reactions where, most often, the fluid diffusivity is very low so that without the help of chaotic advection the reaction time can be extremely long. In this article, we will review various kinds of mixers developed f...

in this study, vanadium recovery from the steelmaking converter slag was studied. salt roasting-basic leaching is the process which was applied to separate and extract vanadium from steel making slag. ground slag was roasted after mixing with determined quantities of sodium carbonate. the effect of time and temperature of roasting and sodium carbonate content were studied. the optimum temperatu...

We point out that the τ -lepton dominance in the one-loop renormalizationgroup (RG) equations of neutrino mixing quantities allows us to set a criterion to choose the most suitable parametrization of the lepton flavor mixing matrix U : its elements U3i (for i = 1, 2, 3) should be as simple as possible. Such a novel parametrization is quite different from the “standard” one used in the literatur...

We show that, contrary to the flavour mixing amplitude q/p, both Re(ε) and Im(ε) are observable quantities, where ε is the phase-convention-independent CP mixing. We consider semileptonic B d decays from a CP tag and build appropriate time-dependent asymmetries to separate out Re(ε) and Im(ε). " Indirect " CP violation would have in Im(ε)/(1 + |ε| 2) its most prominent manifestation in the B-sy...

Importance sampling involves approximation of functionals (such as expectations) of a target distribution by sampling from a design distribution. In many applications, it is natural or convenient to use a design distribution which is a mixture of given distributions. One typically has wide latitude in selecting the mixing probabilities of the design distribution. Furthermore, one can reduce var...

Light alkane hydrocarbons are present in major quantities in the near-surface atmosphere of Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas during both autumn and spring seasons. In spring 2002, maximum mixing ratios of ethane [34 parts per 109 by volume (ppbv)], propane (20 ppbv), and n-butane (13 ppbv) were observed in north-central Texas. The elevated alkane mixing ratios are attributed to emissions from the oi...

Suppose X and Y are two independent irreducible Markov chains on n states. We consider the intersection time, which is the first time their trajectories intersect. We show for reversible and lazy chains that the total variation mixing time is always upper bounded by the expected intersection time taken over the worst starting states. For random walks on trees we show the two quantities are equi...