It has become increasingly clear that air-sea coupling is important to the earth's weather and climate [e.g., Grotzner et al. 1998, Xu et al. 1998]. The oceanic surface mixed layer is the link by which the air and sea are coupled. Further, the form and strength of the mixing motion are important to important concerns such as the fluxes of gases and nutrients and the growth and health of marine ...

Mercury enters marine food webs in the form of microbially generated monomethylmercury. Microbial methylation of inorganic mercury, generating monomethylmercury, is widespread in low-oxygen coastal sediments. The degree to which microbes also methylate mercury in the open ocean has remained uncertain, however. Here, we present measurements of the stable isotopic composition of mercury in nine s...

Smith and Rabouille (2002; hereafter SR02) have examined the relationships between the mixed-layer depth in deep-sea sediments, L, as based on 210Pb and 14C profiles, and a set of environmental variables that include particulate organic carbon (POC) flux, oxygen penetration depth, and oceanographic depth. They have established the existence of a strong nonlinear correlation between their operat...

Fox-Kemper et al. (2007a) propose a parameterization for restratification by mixed layer eddies that develop from baroclinic instabilities of ocean fronts. The parameterization is cast an overturning streamfunction that is proportional to the product of horizontal buoyancy gradient, mixed layer depth, and inertial period. The parameterization has remarkable skill for an extremely wide range of ...

The deep winter mixed layer (ML), ?240 m, in the northwestern North Pacific subtropical gyre exchanges heat and absorbs carbon dioxide from atmosphere, receives nutrients through Kuroshio. ML water spreads broadly subsurface ocean over gyre. Compiling historical temperature measurements, we show that depth (MLD) has decreased by ?6% last six decades. Observations, atmospheric reanalyzes, simula...

The Northeast U.S. (NEUS) continental shelf has experienced rapid warming in recent decades. Over the NEUS shelf, circulation and annual cycle of heating cooling lead to local variability water properties. mixed layer depth (MLD) is a key factor that determines amount upper ocean warming. A detailed description MLD, particularly its seasonal spatial patterns, not been developed for shelf. We co...