the potential of bulk starter fermentation strategy for production of a cost-effective and safe source of β-galactosidase was investigated. three different bulk starter media with different compositions were selected, and an industrial yogurt starter culture strain, l. bulgaricus dsm 20081 was cultivated in these media under ph-controlled conditions (ph=5.6) at 43°c. the media consisted of 1) b...

This study was conducted to examine the effects of adding phytoncide oil extracted from Korean pine nut cone byproduct to the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and compositions, fatty acid characteristics, complete blood count and stress response. A total of 74 Holstein cows were used for 30 days and divided into two groups. Each group was given a basal diet (C) or an experimental diet containin...

The triglyceride compositions of the milk fats of man, dog, guinea pig, cow, sheep, goat, and horse were compared by gas-liquid chromatography of the intact triglycerides and of the butyl esters of the component fatty acids. The milk fats of man, dog, and guinea pig, which were largely made up of long-chain fatty acids, showed a common pattern with major contributions made by the glycerides wit...

The influence of pH dynamics on ruminal bacterial community composition was studied in 8 ruminally cannulated Holstein cows fitted with indwelling electrodes that recorded pH at 10-min intervals over a 54-h period. Cows were fed a silage-based total mixed ration supplemented with monensin. Ruminal samples were collected each day just before feeding and at 3 and 6h after feeding. Solid and liqui...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding pistachio hull (ph) as a source of tannin and polyethylene glycol (peg) supplementation on feed intake, nutrients digestibility, milk yield and compositions, blood lipid metabolits and milk fatty acids profile in saanen dairy goats. nine maltiparus saanen dairy goats were used in a 3 × 3 replicated latin square design with 21-d period...

Although milk polar lipids such as phospholipids and sphingolipids located in the milk fat globule membrane constitute 0.1 to 1% of the total milk fat, those lipid fractions are gaining increasing interest because of their potential beneficial effects on human health and technological properties. In this context, the accurate quantification of the milk polar lipids is crucial for comparison of ...

The objective of this study was to investigate effects of rumen-protected γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on dry matter intake, milk performance, and serum metabolites in Chinese Holstein lactating cows. Thirty-nine multiparous cows were blocked based on days in milk (60 ± 6.3 d; mean ± SD) and milk production (30.9 ± 4.17 kg; mean ± SD), and were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments, with rumen-p...

Calves were fed five different test meals: whole milk, skim milk, 3% whole casein solution, 3% whole casein in simulated milk ultrafiltrate, and whey. The digesta leaving the abomasum before feeding and during the first 7 postprandial hours were collected by fractions. After precipitation with 12% TCA, the amino acid compositions of the sediments and the supernatants were determined and compare...