scouring is the removal of sediment particles resulted from variations of flow pattern. local scour is considered among the reasons of instability and ultimately failure of bridges. during the past decades, different methods were proposed against local scour at bridge piers. these methods can be broadly classified into two categories: flow-altering and bed-armoring methods. each method can be c...

Calf mortality is highest during the first six months of life. Added to this is the losses to the industry caused by around 50,000 breeding cows (1.4% of the U.K total) dying at calving, mainly as a result of dystocia. Scouring is the most common disease in young calves and, as a result, is the greatest single cause of death in calves, accounting for almost 50% of all calf deaths. Scouring in c...

This manuscript describes the potential of a cutinase from the fungus Fusarium solani pisi for cotton wax degradation in order to design an efficient low temperature scouring process. The main characteristics, relevant to cotton wax removal with F. solani pisi cutinase are given. The additive effect of cutinase on pectinase was investigated and optimum incubation conditions were determined. Com...

Despite many reports on the shedding of Giardia parasites by scouring calves, the role of Giardia as a cause of calf diarrhea is still controversial. To elucidate the role of Giardia duodenalis in calf scours, diagnostic samples from 189 scouring calves were tested by different assays during a 1-year-study period. Giardia antigens were detected in 22/189 scouring calves by a fecal-based enzyme-...