anguage assessment literacy (LAL), mainly defined as knowledge and skills of language assessment, in the last two decades, has started to receive the attention it deserves. As one of the significant findings, based on a plethora of research, many second language (L2) teachers have been indicated to be professionally incompetent in terms of LAL. To investigate the status of LAL among Ira...

Teachers' language assessment literacy (LAL) is critical to the success of education, quality students' learning, and willingness study. Yet, studies on teachers' LAL preparation face Merdeka Belajar (Freedom Learning) curriculum are still scarce. Most used questionnaires assess knowledge. In contrast that, this study utilized teachers’ knowledge test adapted from Al-bahlani (2019). This invest...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Blood lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is reduced in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which is the major cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC); few data on LAL activity in CC do exist. We investigated LAL activity in a cohort of patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS This is a multicentre cohort study including 274 patients with liver cirrhosis of different aetiology from 19 centre...

Recent work with lipid mutants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium has helped to elucidate the correct structure of lipid A and has suggested a biosynthetic pathway. Precursor molecules include diacylglucosamine 1-phosphates and tetraacyl disaccharide bis-phosphates. The activities of several of these compounds and of their derivatives were measured by Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) ...

Wild house mice genetically selected for low (LAL) and high (SAL) aggression show divergent behavioural coping responses in the forced swim test (FST, i.e., immobility by LAL mice versus swimming/climbing by SAL mice). The two mouse lines also differ in structural and functional properties of postsynaptic serotonergic-1A (5-HT1A) receptors. In the present study, it was first investigated whethe...

The plethora of new publications on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in both pediatric and adult populations worldwide is testimony to the scale of this problem (Abd El-Kader and El-Den Ashmawy, 2015; Sanyal et al., 2015). Projections on the numbers of cases as well as related liver transplantations in the coming decades underscore the urgent need for expanded research into the mechani...

The Linearized Auto-Localization (LAL) algorithm estimates the position of beacon nodes in Local Positioning Systems (LPSs), using only the distance measurements to a mobile node whose position is also unknown. The LAL algorithm calculates the inter-beacon distances, used for the estimation of the beacons' positions, from the linearized trilateration equations. In this paper we propose a method...