L4-embedded is a microkernel successfully deployed in mobile devices with soft real-time requirements that now faces the challenges of tightly integrated systems, where user interface, multimedia, OS, wireless protocols and even software-defined radios must run on a single CPU. This paper discusses the various aspects of real-time programming on L4-embedded, focusing on the issues caused by the...

The Earth-Sun Lagrangian point 4 is a meta-stable location at 1 AU from the Sun, 60° ahead of Earth's orbit. It has an uninterrupted view solar photosphere centered on W60, nominal magnetic field connection to Sun. Such mission its own would serve as remote sensing observatory that oversee entire radiation hemisphere with significant relevance for protecting Moon and Mars explorers exposure. In...

We report the use of six oligoprobes designed from intergenic spacer region sequences to identify fourth-stage larvae (L4) of the tribe Cyathostominae. Oligoprobes were designed for identification of the following species: Cylicocyclus ashworthi, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicocyclus insigne, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicostephanus goldi, and Cylicostephanus longibursatus. A seventh probe was des...

Whisker deprivation weakens excitatory layer 4 (L4) inputs to L2/3 pyramidal cells in rat primary somatosensory (S1) cortex, which is likely to contribute to whisker map plasticity. This weakening has been proposed to represent long-term depression (LTD) induced by sensory deprivation in vivo. Here, we studied the synaptic expression mechanisms for deprivation-induced weakening of L4-L2/3 input...

Ribosomal proteins L4 and L22 both have a globular domain that sits on the surface of the large ribosomal subunit and an extended loop that penetrates its core. The tips of both loops contribute to the lining of the peptide exit tunnel and have been implicated in a gating mechanism that might regulate the exit of nascent peptides. Also, the extensions of L4 and L22 contact multiple domains of 2...

BACKGROUND Limited information is available about prognostic factors for recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) to the L4-S3 segments. Previous research suggests that L4-S3 SCI does not have a worse prognosis than T3-L3 SCI. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To elucidate prognostic factors for regaining urinary continence and ambulation in dogs with L4-S3 SCI and compare prognosis to T3-L3 SCI. ANIMAL...

Spontaneous pain, a poorly understood aspect of human neuropathic pain, is indicated in animals by spontaneous foot lifting (SFL). To determine whether SFL is caused by spontaneous firing in nociceptive neurons, we studied the following groups of rats: (1) untreated; (2) spinal nerve axotomy (SNA), L5 SNA 1 week earlier; (3) mSNA (modified SNA), SNA plus loose ligation of the adjacent L4 spinal...

Gastrointestinal nematode parasites infect over 1 billion humans, with little evidence for generation of sterilising immunity. These helminths are highly adapted to their mammalian host, following a developmental program through successive niches, while effectively down-modulating host immune responsiveness. Larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus, for example, encyst in the intestinal submucosa, b...

We report on the initial stage of an on-going verification project: the formalisation and verification of the L4 μ-kernel. We describe an abstract model of the virtual memory subsystem in L4, prove safety properties about this model, and describe refinement of the abstract model towards the implementation of L4. All formalisations and proofs have been carried out in the theorem prover Isabelle.