191 words, Main text: 3994 words, 5 figures (three color), 4 online sup. 50 references Running Title: Increased β -cell proliferation in Ku70 -/mice Page 1 of 41 Diabetes Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online March 8, 2013 2 Abstract The genesis of β-cells predominantly occurs through self-replication, therefore, understanding the regulation of cell proliferation is essential. We pr...

By affecting genomic stability, DNA damage may induce abnormal cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, which finally leads to carcinogenesis. As the major opponent of genetic injury, DNA repair mechanisms are essential in preventing tumor initiation and progress (Shiraishi et al., 2010). DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are the most serious type of DNA damage (Wood et al., 2001) that c...

Ku70, a regulatory component of the DNA-dependent protein kinase, was identified by a yeast two-hybrid screen of a B lymphocyte cDNA library as a partner of p40phox, a regulatory component of the O2--producing NADPH oxidase. Truncated constructs of p40phox and Ku70 were used to map the interacting sites. The 186 C-terminal amino acids (aa) of Ku70 were found to interact with two distinct region...

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair machinery, specifically non-homologous DNA-end joining (NHEJ), is crucial for developing next-generation radiotherapies and common chemotherapeutics for human and animal cancers. The localization, protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications of core NHEJ factors, might play vital roles for regula...

Background: After radiation therapy (RT), some health hazards including DNA damages may occur where melatonin can play a protective role due to free radical generation. On the other hand, serious accidental overexposures may occur during RT due to nuclear accidents which necessitate the need for study on exposure to high-dose radiations during treatments.Objective: The aim of this study was to ...

The nerve growth factor (NGF)-tyrosine kinase receptor TrkA plays a critical role in various neuronal and non-neuronal cell types by regulating cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. In breast cancer cells, TrkA stimulation results in the activation of cellular growth, but downstream signaling largely remains to be described. Here we used a proteomics-based approach to identify part...

The purpose was to study the prognostic and predictive roles of DNA protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), Ku70/80 and p53 for the effect of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. Protein expressions of Ku70/80, DNA-PKcs and p53 were examined using immunohistochemistry in tumours from 224 breast cancer patients, who were randomised to receive post-operative radiotherapy or adjuvant chemo...

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) has an important role in DNA double-strand break repair. We previously demonstrated the association of DNA-PK activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with incidence of chromosomal aberrations and risk of cancer. In this study, we examined the expression of Ku70 and Ku86 in breast cancer tissue and normal breast tissue with immunohistochemistry. We al...

Telomere dysfunction arising from mutations in telomerase or in telomere capping proteins leads to end-to-end chromosome fusions. Paradoxically, the Ku7080 heterodimer, essential for nonhomologous end-joining double-strand break repair, is also found at telomeres, and in mammals it is required to prevent telomere fusion. Previously, we showed that inactivation of Ku70 in Arabidopsis results in ...

Anemia is a very common blood disorder that affects the lives of billions of people worldwide. Anemia is caused by the loss of blood, increased destruction of red blood cells (RBCs), or reduced production of RBCs. Erythropoiesis is the complex process of RBC differentiation and maturation, in which protein degradation plays a crucial role. Protein ubiquitination regulates programmed protein deg...