نتایج جستجو برای: k5
تعداد نتایج: 1107 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Given a non-planar graph G with a subdivision of K5 as a subgraph, we can either transform the K5-subdivision into a K3,3-subdivision if it is possible, or else we obtain a partition of the vertices of G\K5 into equivalence classes. As a result, we can reduce a projective planarity or toroidality algorithm to a small constant number of simple planarity checks [6] or to a K3,3-subdivision in the...
In his classic paper Über eine Eigenschaft der ebenen Komplexe, Wagner [ 19 ] tackles the following problem. Kuratowski’s theorem, in its excluded minor version, states that a finite graph is planar if and only if it has no minor isomorphic to K5 or to K3,3. (A minor of G is any graph obtained from some H ⊂ G by contracting connected subgraphs.) If we exclude only one of these two minors, the g...
In human patients, a wide range of mutations in keratin (K) 5 or K14 lead to the blistering skin disorder epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Given that K14 deficiency does not lead to the ablation of a basal cell cytoskeleton because of a compensatory role of K15, we have investigated the requirement for the keratin cytoskeleton in basal cells by inactivating the K5 gene in mice. We report that the...
The existence of symbiotic relationships between Acanthamoeba and a variety of bacteria is well-documented. However, the ability of Acanthamoeba interacting with host bacterial pathogens has gained particular attention. Here, to understand the interactions of Escherichia coli K1 and E. coli K5 strains with Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts, association assay, invasion assay, survi...
Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis is emerging as an important strategy in cancer therapeutics. Kringle 5 (K5) of human plasminogen is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. Previous studies have shown K5 exposure promotes caspase activity and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Here we report that K5 treatment evokes an autophagic response in endothelial cells that is specific...
OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) exerts antitumor activity in clinical trials. The K5 polysaccharide from Escherichia coli has the same structure as the heparin precursor. Chemical and enzymatic modifications of K5 polysaccharide lead to the production of biotechnological heparin-like compounds. We investigated the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) antagonist and antiangiogenic act...
Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917, which has been widely used as a probiotic for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders, expresses a K5 capsule, the expression of which is often associated with extraintestinal and urinary tract isolates of E. coli. Previously, it had been shown that the expression of a K5 capsule by Nissle 1917 was important in mediating interactions with epithelial ce...
A set of three bacteriophages (phi K5, phi K20, and phi K95) was used to discriminate between Escherichia coli K5 and K95 strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. All the strains tested were detected primarily by phi K5 and thought to carry the capsular antigen K5. Ten O2, 33 O6, and 32 O18 strains proved to be sensitive to the three phages. Eleven of 44 O75:H- strains, all...
The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate has been implicated in both migraine and persistent pain. The identification of the kainate receptor GLU(K5) in dorsal root ganglia, the dorsal horn, and trigeminal ganglia makes it a target of interest for these indications. We examined the in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of the competitive GLU(K5)-selective kainate receptor antagonist LY466195 [(3S,...
For each proper subgraph H of K5, we determine all pairs (k, d) such that every H-minor-free graph is (k, d)-choosable or (k, d)-choosable. The main structural lemma is that the only 3-connected (K5 − e)-minor-free graphs are wheels, the triangular prism, and K3,3; this is used to prove that every (K5 − e)-minor-free graph is 4-choosable and (3, 1)-choosable.
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