The use of endovascular techniques, mostly detachable balloons, for treatment of intracranial aneurysms has progressed since balloons were first used in neuroendovascular therapy [1]. Although the use of detachable balloons for treating intracranial fistulas while preserving the parent artery quickly became the treatment of choice, especially for traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas , balloon t...

Ultrasound examination of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries has been used for many years to diagnose and manage patients with cerebrovascular disease. However, evaluation of the intracranial circulation has until now required angiography. Extracranial ultrasound examinations utilize probe frequencies ranging from 3 to 10 MHz. These frequencies are unable to penetrate bone sufficie...

Background. The development of spiral computed tomography (CT) introduced more precise imaging of the vessels also with computed tomographic angiography (CTA). Because it is minimaly invasive method, it was widely accepted by radiologists and clinicians. In early 90 ties CTA also accompanied conventional angiography and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in imaging of intracranial vascular di...

Ultrasound examination of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries has been used for many years to diagnose and manage patients with cerebrovascular disease. However, evaluation of the intracranial circulation has until now required angiography. Extracranial ultrasound examinations utilize probe frequencies ranging from 3 to 10 MHz. These frequencies are unable to penetrate bone sufficie...

A 56-year-old man presented with weight loss, articular pain and minor neurological symptoms progressing over 1 month. Neurosonological evaluation suggested occlusion in intracranial segments of the left vertebral artery (VA) and of both internal carotid arteries (ICA) and hypoechoic halo sign in both superficial temporal arteries. The diagnosis of giant cell arteritis was supported by inflamma...

Accessible online at: www.karger.com/ene Fig. 1. Initial cervical MRA revealing severe stenosis of both vertebral arteries (left). Following steroids, significant repermeabilization of the vertebral arteries (middle, right). The level of stenosis is identical in both arteries and corresponds to the junction between the intracranial and extracranial portions. Fig. 2. Sagittal T 2 -weighted MRI r...

This study was performed to examine the effectiveness of color Doppler imaging (CDI) in demonstrating the neonatal intracranial vessels and altered intracranial flow patterns and to determine the optimal approach in imaging and intracranial vasculature. The study was conducted in two parts. First, 14 neonates were examined with CDI by using a standard approach through the anterior fontanel. Whe...

BACKGROUND Dolichoectasia of intracranial arteries is a rare arteriopathy characterized by elongation and widening of the arteries and disturbance of the laminar blood flow. It involves mostly vertebral and basilar arteries. In advanced cases, formation of a fusiform aneurysm is possible. CASE REPORT A sixty-four-year-old female with hypertension was admitted to the hospital with severe non-s...