Next generation computer and communications technology for instructional environments is expected to accelerate progress in distributed and collaborative learning and interactive multimedia courseware. Various industry and international standards groups are currently creating specifications which will define a framework for how this technology will be structured. These standards encompass distr...

Genuinely valuable educational resources are becoming widely available via the Internet and our pedagogic understanding of how to make use of these valuable resources is increasing rapidly. However locating information and other resources is often a serious barrier to genuinely effective use of the Internet. This paper explores and demonstrates how the systematic use of metadata can make publis...

background and aims. the aim of this study was to evaluate x-ray protection methods in dental offices in tabriz. materials and methods. in this study 142 dental offices were evaluated. a questionnaire-based method was used. the data was analyzed by descriptive methods. results. the least commonly used methods were leaded walls (4.9%) and film badges (16.9%) and the most commonly used methods we...

RAISING the standards of learning that are achieved through schooling is an important national priority. In recent years, governments throughout the world have been more and more vigorous in making changes in pursuit of this aim. National, state, and district standards; target setting; enhanced programs for the external testing of students’ performance; surveys such as NAEP (National Assessment...

Educational standards have become a popular choice for setting clear educational targets for students. The language of standards is that they are “objective” as opposed to typical tests which may suffer from bias. This article seeks to further analyze the claims that standards are objective and fair to all. The author focuses on six issues which illustrate the problematic nature of educational ...