although self injury is a common phenomena seen in persons who are referred to forensic medicine, sometimes attempts to injury oneself cause many problems for the patients and makes it difficult for physicians to make a precise diagnosis. there are two kinds of self injury: pathologic (due to mental disorders) and malingering (planned). the results of this study showed that of 1500 individuals ...

objective: an assessment of  nonoperative and operative intervention in regards  to  neurological  improvement  following  traumatic  closed  cervical spinal cord injury (csci). method: a retrospective evaluation of a cohort of patients with a csci from c3 to t1 was reviewed. the analysis included a total of 13 eligible patients. the  neurologic  and  functional outcomes  were  recorded  from  ...

Airway epithelial cells act as a physical barrier against environmental toxins and injury, and modulate inflammation and the immune response. As such, maintenance of their integrity is critical. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that exercise can cause injury to the airway epithelium. This seems the case particularly for competitive athletes performing high-level exercise, or when exercise ta...

background and aim : acute injuries of the spine and spinal cord are causing the greatest amount of disability. they produce high cost outcomes for patients and society psychologically and economically. knowing the epidemiology of these injuries play an important role in planning for prevention and conservative treatment. but now, we have little information about this in our country. the aim of...