Communication is a major problem in the management of patients. Miscommunication occurs frequently in populations with low reading skills, illiteracy does not completely account for the observed low rates of recall of communicated information. Transmission of the message also plays an important role. Successful strategies to improve communication with patients include the use of videotapes, vid...

BACKGROUND W S Robinson made a seminal contribution by demonstrating that correlations for the same two variables can be different at the individual and ecologic level. This study reanalyzes and historically situates Robinson's influential study that laid the foundation for the primacy of analyzing data at only the individual level. METHODS We applied a binomial multilevel logistic model to a...

Slow reduction in infant mortality rate in the last couple of decades is a major concern in India. State-level aggregate data from the National Family Health Survey 1992 and micro-level data on rural mothers (n=317) were used for examining the influence of female literacy on reduction of infant mortality through increased use of maternal and child health (MCH) services. Illiteracy of females wa...

several demographic factors may be considered as barriers to osteoporosis prevention like high rate of illiteracy and low socioeconomic status in developing countries, there is lack of studies that assess the relationship between socioeconomic status and osteoporosis. this study was a case-control study and it was conducted in two bone mineral density centers in tehran. case group includes 163 ...

Epidemiology: Residents of Ontario learned recently that 29% of the province's grade 10 students had failed either the reading or writing component of a standardized literacy test, 1 calling into question the quality of high school education in the province as well as the validity of the standardized test used to measure this performance. Undoubtedly , postmortem debate will identify a few fata...

Social factors have been shown to create differential burden of influenza across different geographic areas. We explored the relationship between potential aggregate-level social determinants and mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic in Chicago using a historical dataset of 7,971 influenza and pneumonia deaths. Census tract-level social factors, including rates of illiteracy, homeownersh...

About one third of the BCI subjects cannot communicate via BCI, a phenomenon that is known as BCI illiteracy. New investigations aiming to an early prediction of illiteracy would be very helpful to understand this phenomenon and to avoid hard BCI training for many subjects. In this paper, the first application on to electroencephalogram (EEG) of a newly developed machine learning tool, Relevant...