4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), a lipid peroxidation end product, is produced abundantly in osteoarthritic (OA) articular tissues, but its role in bone metabolism is ill-defined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that alterations in OA osteoblast metabolism are attributed, in part, to increased levels of HNE. Our data showed that HNE/protein adduct levels were higher in OA osteoblasts compared to...

PGE2 is a potent lipid mediator of pain and oedema found elevated in RA. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is a terminal enzyme of the PGE2 pathway inducible by proinflammatory cytokines. mPGES-1 is markedly upregulated in RA synovial tissue despite antirheumatic treatments, suggesting that multiple inflammatory stimuli contribute to its induction. High-mobility group box chromoso...

Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1 is a newly identified inducible enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade with a key function in prostaglandin (PG)E2 synthesis. We investigated the kinetics of inducible cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 and mPGES-1 expression with respect to the production of 6-keto-PGF1alpha and PGE2 in rat chondrocytes stimulated with 10 ng/ml IL-1beta, and compared their mo...

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on prostaglandin (PG)F2α and PGE2 secretion as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression in chorioamnion collected on days 25, 30 and 40 of pregnancy in pigs. Fetal membrane slices were incubated for 16 h with TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 (1 or 10 ng/ml of...

ω-3 PUFAs and polyphenols have multiple effects on inflammation in vivo and in vitro. The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and resveratrol (RV) were investigated in LPS-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) (i.e., acute inflammation) and IL-1β activated human chondrocytes (i.e., chronic inflammation). Inflammatory mediators including chemokines, cytoki...

The effects of Astragali radix extract on interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha productions, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis, and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human amnion cells were investigated. Amnion cells produced detectable amounts of both IL-6 and TNF-alpha under LPS-stimulated conditions. Astragalus extract inhibited t...

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the safety, effects on proliferation of hair papilla cells, and anti-inflammatory antioxidant mechanisms Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. (AS) extract.Methods: Safety tests through purity testing, acute toxicity tests, repeated were performed using AS extract (ASE) which had been dried for over two years. Cell culture conducted; VEGF (vascular endoth...

Intestinal mucosal epithelial cells produce IL-8, a neutrophil chemoattractant that contributes to mucosal inflammation in various infectious and inflammatory diseases. However, the mediators involved and the molecular regulation of IL-8 production are poorly understood. As PGE2 is central in gut inflammation and modulates a variety of mucosal epithelial cell functions, we determined whether PG...

Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of pristimerin using RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Methods: The effect of pristimerin on the RAW 264.7 cells proliferation was determined by CCK8 test. The expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 in RAW 264.7 cells treated with TNF-α and pristimerin was measured by qRT-PCR. The regulation of cytokine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 in RAW 264.7 cells...

Particulate matter (PM), a major air pollutant has been demonstrated to cause intracellular inflammation by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human keratinocytes. Although PM shown be associated with various skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, eczema, and aging, there have few studies on the effect of hairs. The aim this study was investigate potential role oxidative...