This document gives an overview of the Next Steps in Signaling (NSIS) framework and protocol suite created by the NSIS Working Group during the period of 2001-2010. It also includes suggestions on how the industry can make use of the new protocols and how the community can exploit the extensibility of both the framework and existing protocols to address future signaling needs.

This threats document provides a detailed analysis of the security threats relevant to the Next Steps in Signaling (NSIS) protocol suite. It calls attention to, and helps with the understanding of, various security considerations in the NSIS Requirements, Framework, and Protocol proposals. This document does not describe vulnerabilities of specific parts of the NSIS protocol suite.

Porous CdSe nanorods having a novel flute-like morphology have been prepared facilely via the hydrothermal treatment of CdSe·(en)0.5 (en = ethylenediamine) nanorods as sacrificial templates. During the hydrothermal process, various crystalline imperfections such as stacking faults and twinning planes appear due to lattice mismatches between orthorhombic CdSe·(en)0.5 and hexagonal wurtzite porou...

Rapeseed straw is an attractive fuel material for microbial fuel cells (MFCs) due to its high content of carbohydrates (more than 60% carbohydrates). This study has demonstrated that reducing sugars can be efficiently extracted from raw rapeseed straw by combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis followed by utilization as a fuel in two-chamber MFCs for electrical power g...

To develop a practical method of treating boron-containing wastewater, we custom designed two laboratory-scale continuousflow-type hydrothermal mineralization apparatuses. We carried out a hydrothermal treatment using a continuous-flow apparatus, using Ca(OH)2, CaCl2, and both Ca(OH)2 and CaCl2 as mineralizers, under various pH conditions. Our results show that using CaCl2 under optimal pH cond...

nano-zeolite coapo-5 as a member of afi family, was synthesized via a hydrothermal treatment, and structurally characterized using x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscope (sem), and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (edax). the effects of crystallization temperature and time on the structure of these powder products were studied. xrd patterns of the synthesized powders revealed a h...

A hydrothermal method of synthesizing hydroxyapatite by heating a precipitate, formed by mixing Ca(NO3)2⋅4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 with distilled water, in a hydrothermal reactor at 200 C for 24-72 hrs is described. A treatment time of 24 hrs produced single phase (as shown by XRD) hydroxyapatite powder, however for longer treatment times XRD patterns were indicative of the presence of a secondary ph...

A continuous flow reactor equipped with a low-loss flow channel and a microwave cavity was developed for synthesizing nanophosphors. A continuous solution synthesis of YVO4:Eu,Bi nanophosphor was succeeded through the rapid hydrothermal method using this equipment. Internal quantum efficiency of YVO4:Eu,Bi nanophosphor obtained by 20 minutes microwave heating is about 30% at 320 nm as high as t...

A wide range of vanadium oxides have been obtained via the hydrothermal treatment of aqueous V(V) solutions. They exhibit a large variety of nanostructures ranging from molecular clusters to 1D and 2D layered compounds. Nanotubes are obtained via a self-rolling process while amazing morphologies such as nano-spheres, nano-flowers and even nano-urchins are formed via the self-assembling of nano-...