Substrate to grow Pleurotus ostreatus must be pasteurized in order to be used for commercial production of Oyster mushrooms. The pasteurizing treatment normally involves steam application during a variable time/temperature procedure. In this research we studied an alternative treatment by forming a substrate compost pile with sufficient size and moisture to generate the necessary heat for paste...

This study provides empirical evidence for habitat selection by North American species of stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae), based on local distributions of adults and immatures, and the first hypothesis of community assemblages proposed for a stiletto fly community. Sites at three localities within the Guadalupe-Nipomo dune system were sampled for stiletto flies in 1997 and 2001 by sifting ...

Background: Grass Kebar (Biopytum petersianum Klotzch) is one of Indonesian medicinal plants, which can only be found in Kebar sub-district, Manokwari, Irian Jaya. This plant is mainly used by the community Manokwari to maintain the fertility of women of reproductive organs. This study aims to determine the effect of extract Grass Kebar dose on the fertility of the uterus and the number of prog...

Chemical insecticides have hazardous effects on human health and the ecosystem hence there is a dire need of hour to use nonchemical eco-friendly tactics for management major insect pests. While traps other attract-and-kill devices in pest strategies reduce fruit fly (Tephritidae) populations has proved be efficient, therefore current study was designed evaluate different lure combinations moni...

a 32-year-old man was attacked by flies while camping around khorram abad, lorestan province, western iran. pruritic dermatitis with marked edema and considerable discomfort appeared mainly on the lower legs. the flies were identified as simulium . simuliids are tiny bloodsucking flies, popularly known as blackflies or buffalo flies, belonging to the dipterous, family simulidae. they are occurr...

Olive fly is the most dangerous pest in olive groves worldwide. Therefore the study of the most susceptible and resistant cultivars to olive fly can bring new information to diminish the olive flies harmful impacts. The main goal of the present study is to verify the olfactory response of olive fly to olive volatiles from five native Iranian cultivars (Fishomi, Mari, Rowghani, Shengeh, and Zard...

Population cycles have fascinated ecologists since the early nineteenth century, and the dynamics of insect populations have been central to understanding the intrinsic and extrinsic biological processes responsible for these cycles. We analyzed an extraordinary long-term data set (every 5 days for 48 years) of a tea tortrix moth (Adoxophyes honmai) that exhibits two dominant cycles: an annual ...

background: in this study, the toxicity of the different xenobiotics was tested on the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster model system.  methods: fly larvae were raised on food supplemented with xenobioticsat different concentrations (sodium nitroprusside (0.1-1.5 mm), s-nitrosoglutathione (0.5-4 mm), and potassium ferrocyanide (1 mm)). emergence of flies, food intake by larvae, and pupation hei...