Scientific literature postulates that nanotechnology is to be considered as general purpose technology (GPT), characterized by pervasiveness, high technological dynamism and the inducement of innovations within a variety of applications. We set out to not only further systematize existing approaches investigating nanotechnology’s GPT traits based on patent applications, but to extend the analys...

Genomic DNA from normal human or mouse cells was transfected together with the selectable marker gpt into the simian virus 40-transformed ataxia telangiectasia fibroblast line, AT5BIVA. From a series of experiments involving over 400,000 clones selected for the gpt marker, one unambiguously radiation-resistant clone (clone 67) was recovered following selection with repeated cycles of gamma irra...

We describe the GPT system and its utilization over a number of examples. GPT (General Planning Tool) is an integrated software tool for modeling, analyzing and solving a wide range of planning problems dealing with uncertainty and partial information, that has been used for us and others for research and teaching. Our approach is based on different state models that can handle various types of...

Metals are toxic agents for which genotoxic effects are often difficult to demonstrate. To study metal mutagenesis, we have used two stable hprt/gpt+ transgenic cell lines that were derived from Chinese hamster V79 cells. Both the G12 and G10 cell lines are known to be very sensitive to clastogens such as X-rays and bleomycin, with the mutagenic response of the integrated xanthine guanine phosp...

Mammalian cells in culture have been used to study the genetic effects of physical and chemical agents. We have used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, clone K1-BH4, to quantify mutations at the X-linked, large (35 kb) hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus (the CHO/HPRT assay) induced by environmental agents. By transfecting an hprt-deletion mutant CHO cell line with the p...

In a 94-year-old male cadaver, upon which routine dissection was being conducted, a rare variation was found in the gastrophrenic trunk (GPT), the common trunk of the left gastric artery (LGA), right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA), and left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA); the GPT arises from the abdominal aorta. A hepatosplenic trunk accompanied the variation. In this variation, the RIPA first ...

Background Tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the chemoresistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Hypoxia in the microenvironment is one of the important factors that contributes to OSCC chemoresistance; therefore overcoming hypoxia-mediated chemoresistance is one of the great challenges in clinical practice. Methods In this study, we developed a drug delivery system ba...

Goniopora toxin (GPT), a polypeptide toxin of 9700 Da isolated from coral, markedly slows inactivation of sodium currents recorded under voltage clamp in mouse neuroblastoma cells. The voltage dependence of sodium channel activation is shifted to more negative membrane potentials by 9.8 +/- 2.1 mV, and the voltage dependence of channel inactivation is shifted to more positive membrane potential...

Aflatoxin B (1) (AFB(1)) is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. Infant, but not adult, mice are sensitive to AFB(1)-induced liver carcinogenesis; a single dose during the neonatal period leads to hepatocellular carcinoma in adulthood. Earlier work defined the mutational spectrum in the gpt gene of gpt delta B6C3F1 mice 3 weeks after exposure to aflatoxin. In the present stud...

The nudeotide sequence of the gpt gene coding for the enzyme xanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase has been determined. The gene codes for a protein of molecular weight 16,950. The construction of deletions in the gpt gene which can be used for the genetic analysis of mutations in the gpt gene, is described. INTRODUCTION The ability to clone and sequence unique DNA fragments permits the d...