The aim of this paper is to discuss the hedging techniques that a company based in an emerging market country can use to hedge the risk associated with jet fuel or kerosene. The company can be an airline company or a market intermediary offering contracts on this important commodity. An empirical analysis reveals two main directions for minimum risk hedging: one is to cross-hedge directly the c...

Some students of futures markets believe that the volatility of futures prices increases as the futures contract nears maturity (see Telser, 1956; Segall, 1956; and Samuelson, 1965). Samuelson offers an explanation for the existence of the variability effect as reviewed in Section 1 of the paper. His hypothesis about the behavior of futures prices requires that the stochastic process characteri...

This paper develops an equilibrium model of a competitive futures market in which investors trade to hedge positions and to speculate on their private information. Equilibrium return and trading patterns are examined. ~1! In markets where the information asymmetry among investors is small, the return volatility of a futures contract decreases with time-to-maturity ~i.e., the Samuelson effect ho...

Stylized facts are uncovered for a domestic (U.S.) examination of the South African Rand futures contract (ZAR). In this preliminary study, we model complex volatility patterns by a nonparametric artificial neural network (ANN) that incorporates a performance enhancing closed-form regularization technique. The modeling characteristics revealed by the Kajiji-4 radial basis function (RBF) ANN pro...

In the five years after launch of bitcoin futures, academics and investors' perceptions have shifted from early view that they raise risk to present acceptance their ability serve as derivatives. This change indicates futures potential improve. What influences market has received is investigated in this paper. The introduction offered a feasible hedging strategy for investors, enhanced stabilit...

Our results find that futures contracts with different maturities for emissions allowances exhibit a significant cointegration relationship by using two-step EG model, similar market information has a convergent effect on prices spreads of futures contracts with different maturities. Convenience yields implied from the futures markets exhibit a significant options property. Convenience yields a...

The paper assesses the usefulness of selective hedging strategies when combined with forecast techniques in the live hog contract. The use of routine futures and options hedging is not attractive relative to a cash-only strategy. However, forecasting and hedging can contribute to price risk management improvement for risk-averse producers. Consistent with previous research, the results indicate...

This paper assesses how market fundamentals affect asset return volatility by drawing on evidence from the U.S. natural gas futures market. One of the novel features of this paper is the use of the deviation of temperatures from normal (weather surprise) as a proxy for demand shocks and a determinant of the conditional volatility of natural gas futures returns. I estimate a GARCH model using da...