Rapid reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is required to mitigate disastrous impacts of climate change. The Kyoto Protocol introduced international emissions trading (IET) to accelerate the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The IET controls CO2 emissions through the allocation of marketable emission permits to sovereign countries. The costs for acquiring additional pe...

Water pollution is the main cause of global ecological degradation and seriously affects people’s water supply. In order to respond environmental protection policy provide management departments with a basis for refining quality, this paper uses Gini coefficient (EGC) method based on four indicators, such as capacity, population, land area, gross domestic production (GDP), represent social, eco...

The interaction of streamers in nitrogen-oxygen mixtures such as air is studied. First, an efficient method for fully three-dimensional streamer simulations in multiprocessor machines is introduced. With its help, we find two competing mechanisms how two adjacent streamers can interact: through electrostatic repulsion and through attraction due to nonlocal photoionization. The nonintuitive effe...

After the conferences in Bonn and Marrakech it is likely that international emission trading will be realized in the near future. Major influences on the permit market are the institutional detail, the participation structure and the treatment of hot air. Different scenarios do not only differ in their implications for the demand and supply of permits and thus the permit price, but also in thei...

After the conferences in Bonn and Marrakech it is likely that international emission trading will be realized in the near future. Major influences on the permit market are the institutional detail, the participation structure and the treatment of hot air. Different scenarios do not only differ in their implications for the demand and supply of permits and thus the permit price, but also in thei...