Health care is receiving much higher priority and more funds than ever before in the Russian Federation. Russian health economist Igor Sheiman talks to Fiona Fleck.

BACKGROUND Fixed prosthodontics is a routine dental treatment and microleakage is a major cause of its failure. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the marginal microleakage of four cements in metal ceramic restorations with adapted and open margins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty sound human premolars were selected for this experimental study performed in Tehran, Iran and prepared ...

The deposition of fat in muscle, recognized by the consumer as marbling, is an important meat quality trait. The objective of the study was to provide additional insights into the quantitative extent of marbling by means of computer image analysis. Fifty-one F(2) generation German Holstein and Charolais crossbreed cattle, 18 mo of age, were used to determine relationships among marbling traits,...

In a noteworthy 1935 book, Ludwik Fleck wrote that what science accepts and interprets as “fact” is not purely objective, but is a product of the history and underlying theory of the science at the time.1,2 Contextual and even subjective factors drive, mold, and constrain scientific inference more than we may realize. Fleck showed how scientific illustrations serve as ideograms that reflect but...

Gary Schwitzer argues that - when it comes to reporting on health and medicine - the news media in the United States of America are often out of touch with the public they purport to serve. He talks to Fiona Fleck.

Parliamentary elections in Egypt this month look set to change the political landscape. Former member of parliament and equity campaigner Hoda Rashad tells Fiona Fleck why the country's public health programmes need to take a social justice approach.

Many people with depression and other mental health problems can be treated successfully by community health workers, but so far no country has scaled up this approach. Vikram Patel talks to Fiona Fleck.

We investigate situations in which agents can only communicate to each other through a chain of intermediators, for example because they have to obey institutionalized communication protocols. We assume that all involved in the communication are strategic, and might want to influence the action taken by the final receiver. The set of pure strategy equilibrium outcomes is simple to characterize,...

Let p be a prime, and let f (x) be an integer-valued polynomial. By a combinatorial approach, we obtain a nontrivial lower bound of the p-adic order of the sum k≡r (mod p β) n k (−1) k f k − r p α , where α β 0, n p α−1 and r ∈ Z. This polynomial extension of Fleck's congruence has various backgrounds and several consequences such as k≡r (mod p α) n k a k ≡ 0 mod p n−p α−1 ϕ(p α) provided that ...

A llen's narrative is set in eastern Europe just before and during the Second World War. The subject is typhus and 2 microbiologists who were engaged frenetically in producing vaccines against it. The lives of the microbiologists—Rudolf Weigl, a Ger-man zoologist, and Ludwig Fleck, a Jewish physician—in-tersected in Lwow, eastern Poland. When the First World War broke, Weigl, stationed nearby t...