5 -Cyprinol sulfate was isolated from bile of the Asiatic carp, Cyprinus carpio . 5 -Cyprinol sulfate was surface active and formed micelles; its critical micellization concentration (CMC) in 0.15 M Na using the maximum bubble pressure device was 1.5 mM; by dye solubilization, its CMC was 4 mM. At concentrations 1 mM, 5 -cyprinol sulfate solubilized monooleylglycerol efficiently (2.1 molecules ...

Mutagenic nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) have been known to arise in the environment through direct emissions from combustion sources and nitration of PAHs, primarily in the atmosphere. Here, we report the formation of nitro-PAH compounds in fish contaminated with PAH and exposed to nitrite (NO2-) in the ambient water. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis ...

Biofilms are a ubiquitous feature of microbial community structure in both natural and host environments; they enhance transmission and infectivity of pathogens and provide protection from human defense mechanisms and antibiotics. However, few natural products are known that impact biofilm formation or persistence for either environmental or pathogenic bacteria. Using the combination of a novel...

The adaptive role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ah receptor or AHR) in protecting against disease-related conditions remains unclear in nonmammalian models, particularly teleosts. Therefore, this study focused on the potential role of AHR in response to biliary epithelial cell toxicity and hepatobiliary alteration in medaka. See-through medaka (STII strain) were exposed for 96 h using the b...

Bile composition and secretion were studied in tow elasmobranch species, Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish shark) and Raja erinacea (small skate), after ligation of the common duct and insertion of cannulas into the gallbladder lumen. Fish were then allowed to swim freely in large pools and bile was collected in balloons attached to the externalized cannulas. Both species secreted bile for perio...

Fish perceived small molecules with high aqueous solubility by chemoreception. The chemical senses of fish can be divided into olfaction, gustation and less well defined sense which is represented by the general chemical senses and the existing chemosensory cells [1,2]. Fish olfactory sense can detect four main classes of chemicals (odorants) mainly; amino acids, gonadal steroids, bile acids an...