The omnipresent group of pesticide adjuvants are often referred to as "inert" ingredients, a rather misleading term since consumers associate this term with "safe". The upcoming new EU regulation concerning the introduction of plant protection products on the market (EC1107/2009) includes for the first time the demand for information on the possible negative effects of not only the active ingre...

The photochromic reaction of a diarylethene derivative having imidazoline rings reversibly modulates the dielectric properties of the crystal, which is based on the intermolecular proton transfer in one-dimensional (1D) hydrogen-bonded chains.

ethoxylated fatty acids or polyoxyethylene esters of fatty acids possess surface active characteristic depending on ethoxylation degree (glycol type used).they have a wide range of applications and are known by formulated trade names.fatty acids used as starting materials are obtained by the hydrolysis of fats and oils and thus the final products are fully biodegradable.the objective of this in...

Poly (vinylpyrrolidone)-grafted silica as an organic-inorganic hybrid material was used as an effective heterogeneous polymeric cosolvent catalyst in organic reactions. This modified silica catalyzed nucleophilic displacement of alkyl halides for easy preparation of alkyl thiocyanates, alkyl cyanides, alkyl azides and alkyl aryl ethers. Furthermore, the catalyst was applied for the conversion o...

Switchable ethoxylated amine surfactants are readily soluble in CO2 and high-saline brines. The objective of the current work is to maximize foamability stability foam at 150 °F (65 °C) through adjustments surfactant concentration, pH, brine salinity. From results, authors recommend potential applications Ethomeen C12 (EC12) for oil/gas industry. Foam tests helped determine optimum parameters 7...

Microfiltration can be used as a recycling technology to increase metalworking fluid (MWF) life span, decrease procurement and disposal costs, and reduce occupational health risks and environmental impacts. The cost-effectiveness of the process can be increased by minimizing fouling interactions between MWFs and membranes. This paper reports on the development of a microfiltration model that es...

Substituted imidazoles and oxazoles were respectively hydrogenated into the corresponding chiral imidazolines and oxazolines (up to 99% ee). The highly enantioselective hydrogenation was achieved by using the chiral ruthenium catalyst, which is generated from Ru(η(3)-methallyl)(2)(cod) and a trans-chelating chiral bisphosphine ligand, PhTRAP. This is the first successful catalytic asymmetric re...

Ni(0)-catalyzed dehydrogenation of benzylic-type imines was performed to yield asymmetrical tetra-substituted imidazoles and 2-imidazolines. This was achieved with a single operational step while maintaining good selectivity and atom economy. The catalytic system shows low to moderate tolerance for fluoro-, trifluoromethyl-, methyl-, and methoxy-substituted benzylic-type imines. In addition, th...