A 9-mo-old infant was admitted with infantile spasms that improved on administration of topiramate and steroids. He also had developmental delay, esotropia, and hypsarrhythmia on interictal electroencephalogram (EEG), and normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). West syndrome is the triad of infantile spasms, interictal hypsarrhythmia, and mental retardation. Rapid trio whole-genome seque...

Wagner: This is a case of infantile esotropia. Six weeks following a 6-mm recession of the right and left medial rectus muscles in a 7-month-old infant with typical infantile esotropia findings and no vertical deviation at all, you find a residual esotropia of 12 prism diopters. Dr. Wang, what is your management at this time? Wang: Is the 12 diopters distance, near, or both? Wagner: We’ll say i...

Dr. Wagner has no financial or proprietary interest in the materials presented herein. doi:10.3928/01913913-20180212-01 What is the preferred deviation in the immediate postoperative period following surgery for infantile esotropia? This is a difficult question to answer, although many have tried. It is clear that the initial deviation may not be stable and may continue to change during the yea...

Can ophthalmologists repair defects of visual cortex circuitry in infants who have esotropia? The answer t question encompasses both sensory and motor behaviors because the clinical hallmarks of the disorde stereoblindness and absence of motor fusion, which manifests as convergently deviated eyes. Functional rec of sensory and motor fusion in infantile esotropia was a consuming interest, if not...

Purpose The purpose of this review was to examine the efficacy of botulinum toxin in the treatment of infantile esotropia and to evaluate the average response of BT and its complication rates. Methods A research was performed in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial (CENTRAL). The database was search...

Unilateral or bilateral lateral rectus resection is commonly performed for the correction of residual esotropia, but few results have been reported. Twenty-eight patients with residual esotropia underwent bilateral lateral rectus (BLR) resection. Six months after operation (n = 25), there were 17 (68%) successful cases, 7 (28%) cases of undercorrection, and 1 (4%) case of overcorrection. The su...

PURPOSE Human infants at greatest risk for esotropia are those who suffer cerebral insults that could decorrelate signals from the 2 eyes during an early critical period of binocular, visuomotor development. The author reared normal infant monkeys, under conditions of binocular decorrelation, to determine if this alone was sufficient to cause esotropia and associated behavioral as well as neuro...