purpose: to present a case of spontaneous resolution of essential esotropia case report: a 22-month-old girl presented with eye deviation since the age of 4 month. in the first examination, visual acuity of both eyes was c+s+m+. the patient had 35 prism diopters of alternative esotropia in primary position and also bilateral inferior oblique overaction (iooa). there was no significant refractiv...

A recent editorial in the Archives assigned the primary pathogenesis of infantile esotropia to the visual cortex. This analysis addresses the limitations of this timeworn view and advances the perspective that infantile esotropia is a cortico-mesencephalic-cerebellar disorder wherein binocular cortical maldevelopment permits atavistic subcortical visual pathways to remain operational. This inte...

A standard set of clinical prism and cover tests and a recently developed photographic method were used to assess binocular alignment in ten monkeys that previously were determined to have a naturally occurring infantile strabismus. Extensive measurements of the alignment state were made for fixation attempts throughout the field of gaze. Patterns of alignment errors were examined in an attempt...

OBJECTIVE To document the resolution of oscillatory head movements following surgical realignment of the eyes in children with infantile esotropia and nystagmus. METHOD Retrospective review of 3 children who had infantile esotropia, nystagmus, and unexplained head shaking or head nodding. RESULTS Strabismus surgery restored ocular alignment and produced resolution of the head shaking in all...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of infantile esotropia from a defined population in the United States over a 30-year period. Recent reports from the United Kingdom have suggested that strabismus or strabismus surgery is occurring less frequently today than in previous years. METHODS The medical records of all patients diagnosed with infantile esotropia within Olmsted County, Minnesota,...

PURPOSE To elucidate the genetic or environmental background for clinical features in the three major types of comitant strabismus. METHODS Interview based on a questionnaire asking background factors such as family history of strabismus and abnormalities in pregnancy and delivery was conducted with 101 consecutive patients with infantile esotropia (5-180 months of age), 83 with accommodative...

PURPOSE To investigate the development pattern and related factors of postoperative re-drift in infantile esotropia. METHODS A total of 112 patients with infantile esotropia who underwent surgery before 3 years of age were included. Surgical outcomes were divided into (1) consecutive exotropia: more than 8 prism diopters (PD) of exodeviation; (2) recurrent esotropia: more than 8 PD of esodevi...