This study was performed to test the hypothesis that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) selection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) escape variants plays a role in HCV persistence. The peripheral blood CTL responsiveness of patients with well-established chronic hepatitis C to a panel of 10 prototype HCV peptides (genotype 1a) was compared with the corresponding sequences encoded by the infecting viruses in...

habitat associations of wild sheep, alborz red sheep (ovis orientalis gemelini x ovis orientalis arkali ), in khojir and sorkheh hesar national parks were studied over three seasons (spring, autumn and winter) in 2000. the position of observed maternal groups (including ewe with lamb) and male groups (including rams, barren ewes and juveniles) were determined on topographical maps during the fi...

Quantum effects in the Brownian motion of a particle in the symmetric double well potential V(x)=ax(2)2+bx(4)4 are treated using the semiclassical master equation for the time evolution of the Wigner distribution function W(x,p,t) in phase space (x,p). The equilibrium position autocorrelation function, dynamic susceptibility, and escape rate are evaluated via matrix continued fractions in the m...

mutations in the human hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome contribute to its escape from host immune surveillance and result in persistent infections. the aim of this study was to characterize the molecular variations of the surface gene and protein in chronically-infected patients from the southern part of iran. the  surface  genes  from  12  hbv  chronic  carriers  were  amplified, sequenced  and ...

The study deals with consumer behavior in consuming OTT media streaming services India. Nine variables of motivations such as Relaxation, Companionship, Habit, Pastime, Entertainment, Social interaction, Information, Arousal, and Escape are studied, which affect the intention to continue subscribe these services. Tools frequency analysis, One Way ANOVA, Regression analysis used demographic char...

It has been demonstrated that electrical stimulation of certain brain structures in the cat (Delgado, Roberts, & Miller, 1954) and rat (Bower & Miller, 1959) produces an aversive effect; that is, the animal will perform an escape response which turns off stimulation to these sites. The present study reports the effects on escape behavior of rats of variations in certain parameters of brain stim...

INTRODUCTION AND METHODS. A strong tendency not to return to the previously shocked compartment of a shuttle box was proposed as the main factor retarding two-way avoidance learning (1). It has been shown that the fly-away. rapid escape from an electrified grid. a species-specific defensive reaction of the rat. was observed at the very beginning of avoidance training. Subsequently latencies of ...

A time-dependent effective-mass SchrödingerPoisson solver is used to study the frequency dependence of the gate capacitance of a short Schottky-barrier carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET). A delayed (re)charging of the channel causes a (non-quasi-static) drop of the gate capacitance for higher frequencies on a characteristic scale, which can be related to the escape time of the car...

In the present study the protective effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) on synaptic plasticity impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats was investigated. Fifty-eight rats were grouped and treated as follows: 1) control (saline), 2) LPS, 3) LPS-N. sativa, and 4) N. sativa. In a Morris water maze test, the escape latency and travelled path to find the platform as well as time spent...