UNLABELLED Encephalocele is the protrusion of the cranial contents beyond the normal confines of the skull through a defect in the calvarium and is far less common than spinal dysraphism. The exact world wide frequency is not known. A substantial proportion of children especially those born with a large encephaloceles are physically and intellectually disabled. Our objective of this descriptive...

Background: Anterior encephalocele is a rare pathologic condition in pediatric neurosurgery. Most of encephaloceles are located in the occipital region. The present study reports a series of 15 children with anterior encephaloceles. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective survey conducted on the medical recordings of encephalocele patients underwent a neurosurgery during a 12-year period....

Anterior encephaloceles have been extensively reported and classified. Most have occurred at the juncture of the anterior part of the sphenoid with the pars orbitalis of the frontal bone. This corresponds to the region of either the crista galli or the cribriform plate. Encephaloceles in this location are seen in the region of the glabella, medial orbit, or in the nasal cavity or nasopharnyx an...

non-epithelial, benign extracranial neurogenic tumors of the nasal cavities are reported in the literature with extreme rarity. these tumors differ from the more common congenital gliomas, encephaloceles, etc. in that they sometimes are detached from the brain tissues. these tumors have intracranial origins. they are congenital or acquired and may involve any of the nerves inside the nose. thes...

Non-epithelial, benign extracranial neurogenic tumors of the nasal cavities are reported in the literature with extreme rarity. These tumors differ from the more common congenital gliomas, encephaloceles, etc. in that they sometimes are detached from the brain tissues. These tumors have intracranial origins. They are congenital or acquired and may involve any of the nerves inside the nose....

BACKGROUND Repair of anterior skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, encephaloceles, and meningoceles can prevent meningitis, intracranial abscess, and pneumocephalus. Various surgical techniques have been employed for repair, including open transcranial and transfacial methods. The endoscopic endonasal approach represents a minimal access but equally aggressive alternative. We conducted a...

OBJECTIVE To describe endoscopic management of frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective. METHODS We reviewed all frontal sinus CSF leaks treated using an endoscopic approach at our institutions from 1998 to 2003. CSF leaks originated immediately adjacent to or within the frontal recess or frontal sinus proper for inclusion in the study. Data collected includ...

The wide variety of craniofacial malformations makes classification difficult. A simple classification system allows an overview of the current understanding of the causes, assessments, and treatments of the most frequently encountered craniofacial anomalies. Facial clefts and encephaloceles are reviewed with respect to their diverse causes, pathogenesis, anatomical features, and treatments. Ap...