Ihe subject of theory and practice mandates attention to the "problem of mediation," to the intersections between thought and action, idea and will, conception and execution. One cannot deal cohesively with the relationship between theory and practice without focusing on the psychological process of criticism, on the critic's own motives, means and ends, on his relationships with his characteri...

For many years, it was believed that resonant interactions between electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and radiation belt electrons were restricted to electron energies >1–2 MeV. In recent however, a growing body of experimental evidence has shown EMIC can cause the scattering loss down sub-MeV energies. Using measurements trapped flux from Global Positioning System satellite constellati...

The structure of anhydrous nickel, niobium and tantalum metal chlorides in ionic liquids IL) is important in the development of new electrochemical alloy deposition techniques. In order to understand the interactions of these metal ions with ionic liquids, we have investigated their structures in situ with X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). The ionic liquid used in this study is 1-methyl-3-et...

[1] Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves which propagate at frequencies below the proton gyrofrequency can undergo cyclotron resonant interactions with relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt and cause pitch-angle scattering and electron loss to the atmosphere. Typical storm-time wave amplitudes of 1–10 nT cause strong diffusion scattering which may lead to significant relativi...

The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea recently designated cerebrovascularspecified centers (CSCs) to improve the regional stroke care system for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. This study was performed to evaluate the changes in the flow of AIS patients between hospitals and to describe the role of the Emergency Medical Information Center (EMIC) after the designation of the CSCs. Da...

Nonlinear theory has predicted that wave-wave coupling from different band electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can occur in multiple-ion plasmas. However, no direct observational evidence been reported yet. Here we present multiple substructures on the frequency spectrum of EMIC with observations Van Allen Probes. Some are demonstrated to be excited by nonlinear interactions between pree...