abstract in october 2009, in one of the alstroemeria (alatroemeria sp.) greenhouses, located in khorasan razavi province, tospovirus-like symptoms (necrosis) were observed on stems, petioles, flowers and leaves of some plants. sap extracts from these plants were mechanically inoculated to indicator plants. necrotic local lesions were observed on petunia hybrida and chenopodium quinoa. necrotic ...

Epitope-G1 of bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) G glycoprotein has been genetically and antigenically conserved among various isolates of BEFV and only reacts with anti-BEFV neutralising antibodies. Therefore, it is a candidate antigen for development of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serological identification bovine ephemeral fever (BEF)-infected animals. The aim of this ...

Snake envenomation has been estimated to affect 1.8 million people annually with about 94,000 deaths mostly in poor tropical countries. Specific antivenoms are the only rational and effective therapy for these cases. Efforts are being made to produce effective, affordable and sufficient antivenoms for these victims. The immunization process, which has rarely been described in detail, is one ste...

INTRODUCTION Elastase is a proteolytic pancreatic enzyme that passes through the gastrointestinal tract undergoing only limited degradation. ELISA tests to determine stool elastase concentrations have therefore been developed for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Five different isoforms of pancreatic elastase (CELA1, CELA2A, CELA2B, CELA3A, CELA3B) are encoded in the human gen...

Vitellogenin (vtg) was isolated from greenback flounder (Rhombosolea tapirina), rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) plasma. The molecular weight of each native molecule, as determined by gel filtration, was 540, 383 and 557 kD respectively. With SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, rainbow trout vtg dissociated into 1 major subunit (~154 kD), and Atlantic salmo...

mono-specific antisera against vibrio cholera ogawa nih-43 and vibrio cholera inaba 35-a3 were prepared from rabbit hyperimmune sera by absorbing against a heterologous strain. using ammonium sulphate precipitation procedure, gamma globulins were purified and concentrated. to visualize antigen-antibody reaction, gamma globulins were conjugated to staphylococcus aureus cowan-l (nctc: 8325) in th...

The N-terminal fragment comprising residues +1 to +50 (gB1-50) of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) glycoprotein B was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Recombinant gB1-50 (rgB1-50) was recognized in immunoblots by sera from rabbits immunized with EHV-1 and by convalescent-phase sera from horses with natural EHV-1 infections. An enzyme-linked immunosor...

tomato is one of the most important vegetables in iran and throughout the world with crop loss caused by several viruses. this survey was carried out to detect the viruses causing mosaic symptoms on tomato in yazd city (iran). a total of 451 samples of tomato leaves showing mosaic symptoms were collected from fields and greenhouses during 2012-2013 growing season. collected samples were analyze...