Many studies have reported on the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition on osteogenesis. However, far less is known about the effects of COX-2 inhibition on chondrogenic differentiation. Previous studies conducted by our group show that COX-2 inhibition influences in vitro chondrogenic differentiation. Importantly, this might have consequences on endochondral ossification processes occ...

Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor mainly expressed in DCs. Dcir (-/-) mice spontaneously develop autoimmune enthesitis and ankylosis accompanied by fibrocartilage proliferation and ectopic ossification. However, the mechanisms of new bone/cartilage formation in Dcir (-/-) mice remain to be elucidated. In this study, we show that DCIR maintains bone homeostasis by ...

Acral angioosteoma cutis is a rare disease first described in 2006 that is characterized by vascular proliferation with ossification at the acral area, and which bears clinical similarity to pyogenic granuloma. However, there is no lobular pattern in the capillary proliferation that is a typical histopathological feature in pyogenic granuloma. Metaplastic cutaneous ossification is associated wi...

The ligamenta flava, together with the vertebral lamina, form the posterior wall of the spinal canal. Since they are located immediately adjacent to the nerve structures of the spinal cord, every pathology that involves hypertrophy produces neurological disturbances as a result. One of the most common reasons for hypertrophy of the ligamenta flava is heterotopic ossification. The main regions o...

Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the formation of mature lamellar bone in nonosseous tissue. In the setting of high-energy wartime extremity wounds, HO is expected to complicate up to 64% of patients, has a predilection for the residual limbs of amputees, and remains a significant source of disability. Although the inciting events and the definitive cell(s) of origin continue to remain e...

3. Errico TJ, Fetto JF, Waugh TR. Heterotopic ossification. Incidence and relation to trochanteric osteotomy in 100 total hip arthroplasties. Clin Orthop 1984; 190:138–141. 4. Sundaram NA, Murphy JC. Heterotopic bone formation following total hip arthroplasty in ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Orthop 1986;207:223–226. 5. Foster DE, Hunter JR. The direct lateral approach to the hip for arthroplasty...

The formation of mature lamellar bone at an ectopic site in the body is called heterotopic ossification. We report the case of a 28 year-old patient with heterotopic ossification (HO) in the left crus. He complained of difficulties with walking and limited ROM of the ankle joint. At surgery, an incision was made through the center of the HO focus, which was palpable. No change in ROM of the ank...

Of the many causes of conductive hearing impairment, few are as rare as the petrified ear. Petrified ears describe auricular cartilage hardening, due usually to ectopic calcification or, less commonly, ossification. The process can affect the auricle either completely or partially without any visible external change. It is an uncommon clinical entity, identified mainly in dermatology texts and ...

Neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) is a disorder of aberrant bone formation affecting one in five patients sustaining a spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury. Ectopic bone forms around joints in characteristic patterns, causing pain and limiting movement especially around the hip and elbow. Clinical sequelae of neurogenic heterotopic ossification include urinary tract infection, p...