Distinct subsets of nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons differentially encode goal-directed behaviors for natural vs. drug rewards [R. M. Carelli et al. (2000)The Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 4255-4266], and the encoding of cocaine-seeking is altered following cocaine abstinence [J. A. Hollander & R. M. Carelli (2007) The Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 3535-3539]. Here, electrophysiological recording...

Concomitant access to drugs of abuse and alternative rewards such as sucrose has been shown to decrease addiction-related behaviors in animals. Here we investigated whether access to sucrose during abstinence in contexts that are temporally and physically distinct from drug-related contexts could reduce subsequent drug seeking. In addition, we investigated whether a history of cocaine self-admi...

Corticostriatal signaling participates in sensitized responses to drugs of abuse, where short-term increases in dopamine availability provoke persistent, yet reversible, changes in glutamate release. Prior studies in mice show that amphetamine withdrawal promotes a chronic presynaptic depression in glutamate release, whereas an amphetamine challenge reverses this depression by potentiating cort...

Research on a model Therapeutic Workplace has allowed for evaluation of the use of employment in the treatment of drug addiction. Under the Therapeutic Workplace intervention, adults with histories of drug addiction are hired and paid to work. To promote drug abstinence or adherence to addiction medications, participants are required to provide drug-free urine samples or take prescribed addicti...

Five cocaine-dependent individuals completed a 22-day inpatient study of sleep and cognition. Following 3 days of drug-free baseline, participants underwent 3 days of twice-daily smoked cocaine base self-administration (6 50-mg doses, 14 minutes apart), followed by 15 days of abstinence. Each morning and afternoon, the CDR repeatable, multiple-version, computerized cognitive battery (whose stab...

BACKGROUND Increased attention bias toward drug-related cues over non-drug-related intrinsically pleasant reinforcers is a hallmark of drug addiction. In this study we used the late positive potential (LPP) to investigate whether such increased attention bias toward drug-related relative to non-drug-related cues changes over a protracted period of reduced drug use in treatment-seeking individua...

This study investigated whether alcohol use affects baseline characteristics and treatment outcome in 128 adults who participated in a randomized trial of cognitive behavioral vs. 12-step treatment for crack cocaine abuse. Assessments were taken at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, and 26 on biologically-verified cocaine abstinence and psychometric measures. Alcohol use was measured at intake and su...

The article examines the substances used by drug addicts and modern general issues regarding provision of emergency medical care to patients who are in a drug-induced state. An overview toxicological situation Ukraine world has been given. principles providing aid during development emergencies drug-addicted caused overdose abstinence have presented.

OBJECTIVE Beyond the initial relapse episode, little is known about short-term patterns of alcohol and other drug use in treated adolescents. This study characterized treated teens' short-term alcohol and other drug use trajectories over 1-year follow-up. METHOD Adolescents (N = 110, ages 12-18, 65% male, 94% white) recruited from addictions treatment, with a current DSM-IV alcohol diagnosis,...

Repeated self-administration of cocaine is associated with impairments in motivated behaviors as well as alterations in both dopamine (DA) release and neural signaling within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). These impairments are present even after several weeks of abstinence from drug taking, suggesting that the self-administration experience induces long-lasting neuroplastic alterations in the me...