OBJECTIVE To investigate the indirect alignment of two anatomical ontologies through a reference ontology and to compare it to direct alignment between these two ontologies. The ontologies under investigation are the Adult Mouse Anatomical Dictionary (MA) and the NCI Thesaurus (NCI). The Foundational Model of Anatomy serves as reference ontology. METHODS The direct alignment employs a combina...

Empirical evidence from body measurements suggests that the referent of a demonstration is not directly specified, but obtained by applying a default inference rule to the region specified by the pointing cone. Building on this evidence we propose a unified theory of anaphoric and demonstrative uses in which accessibility is obtained via resource situations.

Since the seminal work of David Kaplan @1977#, the orthodox view of complex ‘that’phrases ~e.g. ‘that man drinking a martini’—henceforth I shall refer to these as ‘that’ phrases! has been that they are devices of direct reference. According to this view, the propositional contribution of a ‘that’ phrase as it occurs in a context is an individual. This individual is picked out by the character o...

Direct model reference adaptive control (DMRAC) is an attractive algorithm that uses a linear combination of feedforward model states and command inputs, as well as the error between plant and model outputs; it does not require full state access nor observers. Real world applications are usually subject to limits on the controlled variables for either safety or practical reasons. Because of the...

| Fuzzy adaptive systems may be viewed as a framework for solving the problems of nonlinear system control. In the paper a novel model reference fuzzy adaptive control system is introduced which is based on the fuzzy model of the process. The combination of adaptive control theory based on models obtained by fuzzy basis function expansion results in fuzzy direct model-reference adaptive control...

It is often supposed that demonstratives and indexicals are devices of direct reference that they are, as David Kaplan puts it, terms which “refer directly without the mediation of a Fregean Sinn [or individual concept, set of properties, etc.] as meaning.“’ Most of the resistance to this view, I think, arises from the suspicion that it is not possible to give an acceptable treatment of the sem...

Quick, precise control of a flexible manipulator in a space environment is essential for future Space Station repair and satellite servicing. Numerous control algorithms have proven successful in controlling rigid manipulators with colocated sensors and actuators; however, few have been tested on a flexible manipulator with noncolocated sensors and actuators. In this thesis, a model reference a...

This paper considers stabilization and command following of uncertain dynamical systems and presents a new adaptive control approach with improved system performance. The proposed framework consists of a novel architecture involving modification terms in the adaptive controller and the update law. Specifically, these terms are activated when the system error between an uncertain dynamical syste...

We present an analysis of the quantization error for generalized (nonuniform and/or nonmonotonic) quantizers. The mean value and mean squared value of the quantization error and the quantized output are derived in terms of the observed signals. The results can be used to identify basic parameters of ADC converters. The results can be utilized in the reference models used in the ADC test methods...

In the paper a fuzzy adaptive control algorithm is presented. It belongs to the class of direct model reference adaptive techniques based on a fuzzy (Takagi–Sugeno) model of the plant. The plant to be controlled is assumed to be nonlinear and predominantly of the 2rst order. Consequently, the resulting adaptive and control laws are very simple and thus interesting for use in practical applicati...