in this paper, we consider a class of column-weight two quasi-cyclic low-density paritycheck codes in which the girth can be large enough, as an arbitrary multiple of 8. then we devote a convolutional form to these codes, such that their generator matrix can be obtained by elementary row and column operations on the parity-check matrix. finally, we show that the free distance of the convolution...

Using the 138,751 patents filed in 2006 under the Patent Cooperation Treaty, coclassification analysis is pursued on the basis of threeand four-digit codes in the International Patent Classification (IPC, 8 edition). The co-classifications among the patents enable us to analyze and visualize the relations among technologies at different levels of aggregation. The hypothesis that classifications...

This research project presents an effort to use entry texts and hyperlinks in personal weblogs to observe the variance of local culture reflected in American cities. By geocoding the blogosphere, this project indexes the location of personal weblogs. The hyperlink network among blogs in American cities is presented. Finally, maps of two keywords’ distribution among American cities are plotted. ...

A system to automatically locate and rccognize ZIP Codes in handwritten address is described. Given a grty-scale image of a handwritten address block, the system prcprocesses the image by thrcsholding, border rcmoval and underline rcmovrl. One or morc candidrte words for the ZIP Code arc isolated. Each csndidate is divided into 5 or 9 segments and rccognition ls attempted on each segment. Digit...

Degree of pupil dilation has been shown to be a valid and reliable measure of cognitive load, but the effect of aural versus visual task presentation on pupil dilation is unknown. To evaluate effects of presentation mode, pupil dilation was measured in three tasks spanning a range of cognitive activities: mental multiplication, digit sequence recall, and vigilance. Stimuli were presented both a...

The purpose of this report is to demonstrate how to measure the magnitude of expression of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) facial phenotype using the new 4-Digit Diagnostic Code and the previously developed D-score and to demonstrate how these two measures of the FAS facial phenotype correlate with brain function and structure; correlations that fail to be identified by the older gestalt metho...

Multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memories are popular storage media because of their power efficiency and large storage density. Conventional reliable MLC NAND flash memories based on BCH codes or Reed-Solomon (RS) codes have a large number of undetectable and miscorrected errors. Moreover, standard decoders for BCH and RS codes cannot be easily modified to correct errors beyond their error co...

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are important for the future of the transportation systems industry. Although widely regarded as a new and powerful contribution to transportation systems, ITS however, may have a substantial effect on other industries as well. The aim of this study is to understand the impact that ITS may have on the Michigan economy. The methodical approach used to eva...

ÐThis paper presents Nonstationary Markovian Models and their application to recognition of strings of tokens. Domain specific knowledge is brought to bear on the application of recognizing zip Codes in the U.S. mailstream by the use of postal directory files. These files provide a wealth of information on the delivery points (mailstops) corresponding to each zip code. This data feeds into the ...