The antibacterial activity of water-soluble chitosan derivatives prepared by Maillard reactions against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhimurium was examined. Relatively high antibacterial activity against various microorganisms was noted for the chitosan-glucosamine derivative as compared to the acid-solu...

We present a new method for developing hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) by using electrical potentials and deionized water. Nested-L test structures with a pitch as small as 9 nm were developed using this electrochemical technique in saline solution without adding hydroxyl ions. Furthermore, we showed that high-resolution structures can be electrochemically developed in deionized water alone. Elec...

We studied flow rate, electrolytes effects, titanium dioxide separation and reuse and sunlight application on photocatalysis in a tubular photoreactor integrated with the titanium dioxide separation/reuse. The circulative flow treatment was preferred over the single pass treatment. Phenol and TOC removals in tap and deionized waters were a maximum at the circulative flow rate of 600 ml min and ...

In order to synthesize Bi2Se3 nanopowders by a solvothermal synthesis method, ethylenediamine, dimethylformamide, acetone, absolute ethanol, and deionized water were respectively used as a solvent, using BiCl3 and elemental Se powders as starting materials and KBH4 as a reductant at 180 C for different times. X-ray diffraction was used for examining the phase composition of the products. The re...

Anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMELs) have recently received significant attention due to their potential advantages over proton (PEMELs). However, some AEMELs feed an aqueous salt solution the cell where PEMELs typically deionized (DI) water. DI is preferred keep system and maintenance costs low. Because of this, many AEMEL researchers report performance both in (typically KOH) ...

1. We first prepare a polymer solution with a concentration of 100 mg/ml by heating Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, Mw 13000-23000, 89% hydrolyzed, Aldrich) at reflux in deionized water. Appropriate amounts of gold chloride (HAuCl4, 3H20, 99% Pure, Aldrich) are dissolve in the polymer solution under vigorous stirring so as to obtain metal/polymer blends with ratio of 3%, 5% and 10% in weight (w%). 2. T...