The interface definition of a component in a distributed system forms the contract between the component itself and its neighbouring components regarding the use of its services. In general, such a contract should cover the issues of service functionality, usage and quality. The Interface Definition Languages (IDLs) used by commercial middleware standards such as CORBA primarily address the sig...

Recently, the Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model has been increasingly supported, becoming a major part of the new emerging cloud computing paradigms. Although SaaS exists in different forms, supporting and providing SaaS developed based Web services has attracted a large effort from industries and academics because this form of SaaS allows software to be easily composed and integrated to offer...

The High Level Architecture (HLA) stipulates model specifications in the form of Federation Object Models (FOMs) and Simulation Object Models (SOMs). These specifications are constructed in accordance with the Object Model Template (OMT) and establish the "information model contract that is necessary (but not sufficient) to ensure interoperability among federates” [4]. Predating the definition ...

this paper is a comparative study of legal aspect of islamic securities (sukuk), between iran (as shia fiqh) malaysia (as the first country that issued sukuk based on sonni fiqh) and england (as a chief western country in sukuk). results indicate many similarities between iran and malaysia rules despite specifications with england rules. different in definition of contract, asset valuation, lim...

Business contracts play a central role in governing commercial interactions between organizations. It is increasingly recognized that business contract conditions need to be closely linked to internal and external business processes, both to reduce the risk of contract violations and to ensure compliance with legislative regimes. Recent research has proposed contract languages allowing the spec...

This study analyzes the practice of istishna' contract in online buying and selling based on Islamic law. The purpose this is to find out understand Istishna' at Headway Leather store analysis research method uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews sellers buyers store, totaling 5 informants. results stated that markets goods it sells using Instagram social media, consumers order v...

Contracts specify properties of an interface to a software component. We consider the problem of defining a full contract that specifies not only the normal behaviour, but also special cases and tolerated exceptions. In this paper we focus on the behavioural properties of use cases taken from the Common Component Modelling Example (CoCoME), proposed as a benchmark to compare different component...

Contracts specify properties of an interface to a software component. We consider the problem of defining a full contract that specifies not only the normal behaviour, but also special cases and tolerated exceptions. In this paper we focus on the behavioural properties of use cases taken from the Common Component Modelling Example (CoCoME), proposed as a benchmark to compare different component...

Specifications have a dual existence: on the one hand they constitute a contract between the customer and the vendor, and on the other hand they are the instructions from the vendor to his programmers. From the former viewpoint, we would like to have methods for incrementally constructing specifications, and from the second viewpoint we would like to have mechanisms for systematically "calculat...