• Several epidemiological studies" have shown a positive correlation between viral diseases early in pregnancy and congenital heart disease in human beings. Since viral diseases are accompanied commonly by fever, it was considered important to investigate the effect of high temperature alone on the development of the heart in chick embryos. It was also thought that incubation at low temperature...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was aimed to detect the association of Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1) gene polymorphisms (rs149048873 and rs143081213) and congenital heart disease (CHD) susceptibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS This case-control study included 102 CHD patients and 113 healthy controls. Cases and controls were matched in age and gender. Genotypes of DSCR1 gene polymor...

Recent technical advances in computed tomography (CT) have improved image quality, diagnostic performance and accuracy of coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Latest dose-reduction strategies reduce radiation dose to an acceptable level even lower than that from conventional coronary angiography. CCTA is a noninvasive imaging modality which can effectively show complex coronary artery anatomy, varia...

Surgery on the biliary tract has posed a challenge for the surgeon. The anatomic anomalies in this area demand careful identification of the relevant structures. Apart from anatomic variations, there are congenital anomalies of biliary tree that arise from normal morphological development; variations in the division of the extra hepatic biliary ducts are very frequent and understandable by the ...

This article reviews the right atrioventricular and pulmonary valves, along with their anatomic variations as well as the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae of the right ventricle of the human heart. A brief anatomical background is given for every structure, as well as a gross review of their embryological basis. Although the normal morphology of the right atrioventricular valve is tricus...

Introduction The renal arteries arise from abdominal aorta below the origin of superior mesenteric artery, on each side. Near the hilum of the kidney, each renal artery divides into anterior and posterior branch, which in turn divides into number of segmental arteries supplying the different renal segments. The presence of unusual branching patterns of the renal arteries is not uncommon. In 70%...

The sex ratio of infants born with certain congenital abnormalities diverges widely from unity. There is evidence that these sex ratios vary from place to place and in different races (Gittlesohn and Milham, 1962; Emanuel, 1972). Stocks (1970) has shown that within 25 countries of largely European stock there is a close positive correlation between the divergence of the sex ratio of congenital ...

AIM To describe the survival to age 5 years of children born with congenital anomalies. METHODS Between 1980 and 1997, 6153 live born cases of congenital anomaly were diagnosed and registered by the population based Glasgow Register of Congenital Anomalies. They were retrospectively followed to assess their survival status from birth up to the age of 5 years. RESULTS The proportions of all ...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the mutation spectrum and frequency of 34 known genes in 18 Chinese families with congenital cataracts. METHODS Genomic DNA and clinical data was collected from 18 families with congenital cataracts. Variations in 34 cataract-associated genes were screened by whole exome sequencing and then validated by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Eleven candi...