This paper discusses the application of moment closures to continuous Markov chains derived from process algebras such as GPEPA and MASSPA. Two related approaches are being investigated. Firstly we re-formulate normal moment closure in a process algebra framework using Isserlis’ theorem. Secondly we apply a mixture of this normal closure and less precise moment closures for the purpose of reduc...

The aim of this paper was to review the research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in connection with business closures and downsizing to identify gaps in our knowledge. The study consisted of a systematic review of 24 refereed articles. The review identified four themes in the literature on CSR in connection with business closure and downsizing, namely CSR, transition programs and the l...

A direct numerical solution of the radiative transfer equation is typically expensive, since the radiative intensity depends on time, space and direction. An expansion in the direction variables yields an equivalent system of infinitely many moments. A fundamental problem is how to truncate the system. Various closures have been presented in the literature. We formulate the method of optimal pr...

A general strategy exists for constructing Energy Stable Weighted Essentially Non– Oscillatory (ESWENO) finite difference schemes up to eighth-order on periodic domains. These ESWENO schemes satisfy an energy norm stability proof for both continuous and discontinuous solutions of systems of linear hyperbolic equations. Herein, boundary closures are developed for the fourth-order ESWENO scheme t...

Between 1996 and 2009 the annual number of emergency department (ED) visits in the United States increased by 51 percent while the number of EDs nationwide decreased by 6 percent, which placed unprecedented strain on the nation's EDs. To investigate the effects of an ED's closing on surrounding communities, we identified all ED closures in California during the period 1999-2010 and examined the...

A closure is a representation of a thread in memory, ready to be executed. The goal of this work is to create portable closures that can be transferred across binary incompatible architectures. Consequently, indolent closures are software-implemented, and rely on a copy mechanism which allows for potential data representation conversion on-the-fly. Indolent closure creation optimizes the curren...

Despite the fact that the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza strain was less severe than had been feared, both seasonal epidemics of influenza-like-illness and future influenza pandemics have the potential to place a serious burden on health services. The closure of schools has been postulated as a means of reducing transmission between children and hence reducing the number of cases at the peak of a...

We deene the notion of meet-uniformity for closure operators on a complete lattice, which corresponds to co-additivity restricted to subsets mapped into the same element, and we study its properties. A class of closures given by principal lters and the downward closures are relevant examples of meet-uniform closures. Next, we introduce a lifting of a complete order by means of a meet-uniform cl...

We materialize the common belief that calculi with explicit substitutions provide an intermediate step between an abstract specification of substitution in the λ-calculus and its actual implementations. To this end, we show a systematic derivation leading from a slight extension of Curien’s calculus of closures, capable of expressing one-step reduction strategies, to the environment-based Krivi...

Statistical dynamical closures for inhomogeneous turbulence described by multi-field equations are derived based on renormalized perturbation theory. Generalizations of the computationally tractable quasi-diagonal direct interaction approximation for inhomogeneous barotropic turbulent flows over topography are developed. Statistical closures are also formulated for large eddy simulations includ...