The E2F transcription factor has been found in association with the cyclin A protein, and this complex accumulates during the S phase of the cell cycle, suggesting that E2F may play a role in cell cycle control. In independent studies, cyclin A has been shown to be associated with two other proteins, the Rb-related p107 protein and the cdc2-related p33 cdk2 protein kinase. Through an analysis o...

Mammalian cell cycle progression is regulated by several protein kinases that are activated by cyclically expressed proteins called cyclins. These cyclin-dependent kinases, the prototype of which is the cdc2 mitosispromoting kinase, are known to phosphorylate substrates the modified status of which is critical for the cell to progress into sequential phases of the cycle. Recently, a new cdcl-re...

Purpose: To study the influence of ginsenoside on apoptosis, cell cycle and autophagy in gastric carcinoma (GC), its effect reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. 
 Methods: Human cancer line BGC-823 was randomly divided into following groups: control, 100 μM (Rg5), 150 Rg5, 200 Rg5 groups. Western blot assay used to determine expressions auto...

The protein-tyrosine kinase Lck is essential for signaling through the T-cell antigen receptor. Treatment of T-cells with a variety of extracellular stimuli increases the phosphorylation of Lck on serine residues. This results in shifts in the apparent molecular weight of Lck to forms that exhibit reduced electrophoretic mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. We found that as a result of arrestin...

Activation of Cdc2/cyclin B kinase and entry into mitosis requires dephosphorylation of inhibitory sites on Cdc2 by Cdc25 phosphatase. In vertebrates, Cdc25C is inhibited by phosphorylation at a single site targeted by the checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Cds1/Chk2 in response to DNA damage or replication arrest. In Xenopus early embryos, the inhibitory site on Cdc25C (S287) is also phosphorylated b...

Sperança, M. A., Vinkenoog, R., Ocampos, M., Fischer, K., Janse, C. J., Waters, A. P., and del Portillo, H. A. 2001. Primary structure of the Plasmodium vivax crk2 gene and interference of the yeast cell cycle upon its conditional expression. Experimental Parasitology 97, 119–128. The cdc2 gene product, a 34-kDa protein kinase, plays a universal role in the M phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle....

We have shown previously that M-phase phospho-epitopes accumulate in neuronal tau proteins incorporated into the hallmark neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In M phase, the epitopes are produced by cdc2/cyclin B1 kinase by a highly conserved mechanism believed to be quiescent in terminally differentiated neurons of adult brain. To determine whether an M-phase mechanism i...

Meiotic maturation of mammalian oocytes is under the control of cell cycle molecules Cdc2 kinase and MAP kinase (mitogen-activated protein kinase). In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the ability to activate Cdc2 kinase and MAP kinase and the acquisition of meiotic competence during pig oocyte growth. Growing and fully grown pig oocytes were collected from four groups...

Cdc2 kinase is inactivated when DNA damage occurs during the spindle assembly checkpoint. Here, we show that the level of mitotic Bloom syndrome protein phosphorylation reflects the level of cdc2 activity. A complete inactivation of cdc2 by either introduction of DNA double-strand breaks or roscovitine treatment prevents exit from mitosis. Thus, mitotic cdc2 inactivation plays a major role in t...

Mammalian cell cycle progression is regulated by several protein kinases that are activated by cyclically expressed proteins called cyclins. These cyclin-dependent kinases, the prototype of which is the cdc2 mitosispromoting kinase, are known to phosphorylate substrates the modified status of which is critical for the cell to progress into sequential phases of the cycle. Recently, a new cdcl-re...