The rectum is the last live inches of large intestine continuous above with the pelvic colon and below with annal canal. Its upper twothirds are covered with peritoneum in front and sides, and in front only in its lower part. Above and anteriorly the rectum is related to rectovesical pouch in males or recto-uterine pouch in females. Below this it is in relation with a portion of the bladder, se...

A good knowledge of the internal dental anatomy and its variations is an absolute necessity for successful endodontic therapy. In cases where variations are not detected therapeutic failure can be expected to occur. The “C-shaped” configuration is among the various anatomical configurations of the root canal system, and this configuration was originally described by Cooke & Cox in 1979(1). C-sh...

Fangs are specialised long teeth that contain either a superficial groove (Gila monster, Beaded lizard, some colubrid snakes), along which the venom runs, or an enclosed canal (viperid, elapid and atractaspid), down which the venom flows inside the tooth. The fangs of viperid snakes are the most effective venom-delivery structures among vertebrates and have been the focus of scientific interest...

The need to reduce the energy demand of processes also creates pressure make atomizers more efficient. A promising development path could be counterflow (CFA). An atomizer, or synonymously a nozzle, is device that turns liquid into spray. CFA twin-fluid type atomizer because both and atomizing gas are fed it. Initial results suggest capable same quality atomization but using half air mass flow ...

Introduction: Internal bleaching is a treatment option for wightening endodontically treated discolored teeth. Cervical resorption is one of the side effects of this method.The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of resin composite and light-cured resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) as intra-orifice barriers in internal bleaching. Materials &Methods: In this study, 34 single...

AIM To observe the morphology of the root canal system of the maxillary first molar mesiobuccal root using micro computed tomography and compare it to current canal classifications. METHODOLOGY Twenty mesiobuccal roots were resected from randomly selected extracted human maxillary first molar teeth and prepared for scanning using a SkyScan micro CT scanner (SkyScan 1172 X-ray microtomograph, ...

BACKGROUND The surgical management of cholesteatoma is a controversial issue, particularly regarding intact-canal-wall mastoidectomy (ICWM) versus canal-wall-down mastoidectomy (CWDM). The current experiment compared the quality of visualization in different middle ear structures using ICWM with otoendoscopy with findings of CWDM by microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients diagnosed wit...

This study aimed to describe the morphometric relationship of root canal orifices on pulp floor in presence/absence mesiobuccal second (MB2) maxillary first molars and other aspects its internal anatomy. Sixty-two were scanned by micro-CT. The presence MB2 was verified. distance between center points MB1, MB2, distobuccal (DB), palatal (P) measured (MB1-MB2, MB1-DB, MB2-DB, MB1-P, DB-P). MB1-P ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of mandibular first and second molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in northern Iranian population and also to indicate the thinnest area around root canals. METHODS AND MATERIALS We evaluated CBCT images of 154 first molars and 147 second molars. By evaluating three axial, sagittal and coronal planes of...

Previous station pull through techniques of anal canal pressure measurement have not truly represented the differences among individuals and between sexes in the length and pressure profile of the anal canal. Furthermore, the techniques commonly used in anal canal pressure determination have not been adequately compared or standardised. Therefore, a mechanised rapid pull through technique using...