For hydrothermal liquefaction of dry biomass to produce liquid fuels, water needs be added or the aqueous phase products can recycled. This paper focuses on understanding relationship between degradation and oil formation under condition accumulative recycling phase. Completely dried corn stalk deionized were used for (HTL) experiment. The subsequent not diluted. It was demonstrated that promot...

This paper presents an overview of recently developed methods for the indirect detection of 14N nuclei (spin l = 1) in spinning solids by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These methods exploit the transfer of coherence from a neighboring 'spy' nucleus with spin S = 1/2, such as 13C or 1H, to single- or double-quantum transitions of 14N nuclei. The two-dimensional correlation methods pre...

Due to the lack of freshwater resources in Egypt, cement wastewater treatment was performed widen range water used irrigation face massive future scarcity. In this study, integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) as a biological method. A laboratory pilot established simulation IFAS process. The scale-pilot consists primary sedimentation tank, an tank equipped with air blower, and final set...

Poultry litter is highly biodegradable in nature. Therefore, it could be subjected to biomethanation to produce valuable biogas and bio-manure as byproducts. Some studies have been conducted along these lines in India by utilizing the poultry litter as a substrate in batch type dung digesters of KVIC and DENABANDHU models. However, these reactors have the drawbacks of high residence time (30 – ...

Because of a complex chemical ultra-structure of lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment is a necessary step for its conversion into bio-ethanol. In the present study, pretreatment conditions using the ionic liquid (IL) 1-allyl-3methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl) were optimized for a relatively new model energy crop, hybrid Pennisetum (P. americanum × P. purpureum) to maximize the yield of fer...

While much is known about the subcellular structures responsible for the mechanical functioning of a contractile fibroblast, debate exists about how these components combine to endow a cell with its form and mechanical function. We present an analysis of mechanical characterization experiments performed on bio-artificial tissue constructs, which we believe serve as a more realistic testing envi...

Background Agave-based alcoholic beverage companies generate thousands of tons of solid residues per year in Mexico. These agave residues might be used for biofuel production due to their abundance and favorable sustainability characteristics. In this work, agave leaf and bagasse residues from species Agave tequilana and Agave salmiana were subjected to pretreatment using the ammonia fiber expa...

Emulsion polymerization of (meth)acrylic bio-based monomers is a promising method to obtain waterborne coatings with reduced carbon footprint. However, the high hydrophobicity some can hinder straightforward incorporation such in dispersions. In this work, we explore copolymerization isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) 2-octyl acrylate (2-OA) produce latexes >70 % bio-content suitable for coating ap...