Many factors influence alcohol absorption, yet few studies have addressed the issue of whether or not experimental manipulations themselves may affect alcohol absorption. The current balanced placebo design study comparing the expectancy effects of root beer and non-alcoholic beer vehicles resulted in significantly lower blood alcohol levels in the root beer condition than in the beer condition...

This paper describes a sensorial aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) approach to the analysis of beer aromas derived from hops. To obtain an extract with an odor representative of the original product, the XAD extraction procedure was applied and the experimental conditions were optimized. The aromagrams of three beers were compared: one brewed without hops, one brewed with Saaz hop pellets,...

In Consumer Reports, April, 1978, the results of a taste test were reported. Consumer Reports commented, "we don't consider this result to be statistically significant." At the time, Miller had just bought Lowenbrau and Consumer's Union wanted to know if people could tell the difference between the two beers. Twenty-four tasters were given three carefully disguised glasses, one of the three wit...

AIM Using a binge-drinking mouse model, we aimed to determine whether hops (Humulus lupulus) in beer is involved in the less damaging effects of acute beer consumption on the liver in comparison with ethanol. METHODS Female C57BL/6 J mice were either fed one iso-alcoholic and iso-caloric bolus dose of ethanol, beer, beer without hops (6 g ethanol/kg body weight) or an iso-caloric bolus of mal...

We discuss a beer recommendation engine that predicts whether a user has had a given beer as well as the rating the user will assign that beer based on the beers the user has had and the assigned ratings. k-means clustering is used to group similar users for both prediction problems. This framework may be valuable to bars or breweries trying to learn the preferences of their demographic, to con...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to describe the variation in the ethanol content of beer and specific categories of beer, and to illustrate the importance of accurate assessment of ethanol conversion factors for the calculation of apparent ethanol consumption from beer at the state and national levels in the U.S. METHOD Published sources of brand-level ethanol content, national brand s...

People often say that beer tastes better from a bottle than from a can. However, one can ask whether this perceived difference is reliable across consumers; And, if so, whether it is purely a psychological phenomenon (associated with the influence of packaging on taste perception), or whether instead it reflects some more mundane physico-chemical interaction between the packaging material (or p...

BACKGROUND Although the consumption of wine in particular has been associated with a lower risk of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease, systematic reviews differ as to the relative protective effect of beer, wine and spirits. Two previous studies showed that red wine reduces fatty streak formation (early atherosclerosis) but not mature atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein (apo) E-deficient (ap...

Possibly one of the most widely used classroom exercises for demonstrating the dynamics of a supply chain is the Beer Distribution Gaine. The System Dynamics Group developed the exercise at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Sloan School of Management (Sterman 1989). Normally the game is played manually on a game board with paper demand and order cards. Pennies are used to track the mo...

OBJECTIVE We estimated the strength and direction of the association between product characteristics (beer type, package size, and brand name) and market-area socioeconomic characteristics, and promoted sales of beer in grocery stores. METHOD Supermarket scanner data from 64 market areas across the United States over 5 years were used to estimate regression models of the share of beer sales t...