Premise of the study To investigate a more detailed evolutionary history of Lindera obtusiloba (Lauraceae) and other Lindera species, polymorphic low-copy nuclear primers were developed. Methods and Results Unigenes of the L. obtusiloba transcriptome greater than 800 bp in length were randomly chosen for initial design of 168 primers. Agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing were use...

foot -and- mouth disease (fmd) is one of the most important virus disease in farm animals. types o, a and asia1 fmd virus have been endemic in iran. in these study, samples from suspected livestock were analyzed by rt-pcr experiment. the number of 702 nucleotides determined at 1d -2b region of type a strain isolated from khorasan razavi province sequenced and compared with that of other reporte...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Twelve microsatellite markers were developed and characterized in a threatened maple species, Acer miyabei (Sapindaceae), for use in population genetic analyses. METHODS AND RESULTS Using Ion Personal Genome Machine (PGM) sequencing, we developed microsatellite markers with perfect di- and trinucleotide repeats. These markers were tested on a total of 44 individuals from ...

the aim pf the present study was to compare three different methods for detection of food and mouth disease virus antigens(a, asia1, o1)from mouth epithelium samples and also to monitore the distribution of fmdv serotypes 338 cattle and 34 sheep of iran during 2000-2001. the suspension fluids of processed tongue epithelium samples were clarified by centrifugation and tested for presence of fmdv...

background and aims: crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a fatal viral disease that occurs in approximately 30 countries. it has the most extensive geographic range among the tick-borne viruses that affect human health. cchf viruses have a tripartite rna genome consisting of large (l), medium (m) and small (s) segments. this study was undertaken to determine the genetic relationship of cc...

The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) represents a major turning point in the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. WHO European Region Member States have made significant progress in scaling up access to such treatment. By mid-2007, cART was available in the public sector health services in every country of the Region except Turkmenistan, with coverage estimated as very hi...