finger reckoning is one of the five types of signification(dalala),which al – jahiz mentioned in his book, al–bayan wa al–tabyin . by this he meant a particular representing numbers by means of the outstretched or bent fingers and their various positions .finger reckoning can be traced in some prose and verse writings and traditional(hadith) sources; for example, in a recorded speech through wh...

The long superficial engagement of literary scholars with the cartographic lexicon (under the label of literary ‘spatial turn’) has led to a need for a ‘recartographization’ of the field. This tendency, however, still remains primarily embedded within analytical (‘cartography of literature’) or critical (‘critical literary cartography’) approaches, and fails to engage the recent development of ...

abu al-al?’ al-ma’arri has presented his specific thought and viewpoint in arabic classical literature. he lived at the time when arabic literature was at its zenith of richness and maturity. this literary and thinking figure has affected the literary men after him in differing ways. contemporary poets, relying on his literature, have promoted their own literary innovations, and thereby have en...

ayatollah mohammad hossein gheravi isfahani known as compani is one of the contemporary famous scholars and mystics and the author of arabic poems of divan al-anvar al-ghodsieh, entitled as  moftagher. in his persian and arabic divan there are many poems in praise of prophet mohammad's family among which is his long arabic panegyric in praise of imam reza – peace be upon him. the  present ...

romantic literary school at the beginning of its existence was considered as a clearly visible renewal in feeling and thinking both. this literary school was a revolution against the restrictions established by classical literary schools. in fact, romantic is one of the literal branches that formed first in europe, and then in the nineteenth century came into arabic literature, and arabic liter...

arabic prose passed during its development through different stages; and arabic literature in general was a pad of the types of literary that emerged for it in the present era in the field of principles and rules. some believe that the literary genres and systems prose are taken from the west. while if we look closely, we find models of them in the old arab literature, though contemporary men o...

the poets of lyrical poetry usually take advantage of various ways. one method used to compose love poetry is usage of alphabetic letters. other than the combination of letters in order to create new words and meanings, arabic letters of alphabet basically have another literary role – discussed in this paper – that of outward shape of the letter which has been used to create the most beautiful ...

mustafa lutfi el-manfaluti is one of the literary men whose writing method was effective on literary change of the previous generation. he was born in egypt. he was interested in reading literary books; that’s why he had completed the science by mohammad abdoh. he had translated many stories and articles and had applied some french stories in his writings. his books are the most eloquent arabic...

in the books written on rhetorics, figures of speech, and literary terms one may find different non-systematic classifications of puns. some of these methods have been translated from the arabic literary texts. some other classifications are based on phonetics and phonology. in this research after surveying the common methods of classification, it has been tried to put forward certain new scien...

According to Patrick Colm Hogan, in the US academic context, few people in literary theory or comparative literature have much familiarity with non-Western literary theories, and fewer still have research expertise in the field. While working on a project in non-Western literary theory, he was surprised to find that many of his friends and colleagues found it difficult to understand what non-We...