This study was a prospective screening study for PPD and anergy skin test reactivity in 304 HIV-positive individuals. A PPD positivity rate of 4.1% and an anergy rate of 50.5% were observed. The Hawaii HIV population has a relatively low prevalence of latent TB compared with the high prevalence of TB in the Hawaii population at large.

Helper T cells become hyporesponsive in the tumor microenvironment (at least in part) owing to the NFAT1-dependent expression of anergy-associated genes. Anergy constitutes a crucial mechanism to prevent tumor destruction by T cells, and hence may represent a powerful target to boost antitumor immune responses and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Induction of immunotolerance has become a new strategy for treating autoimmune conditions in recent decades. However, so far there is no ideal therapeutics available for clinical use. Medicinal herbs are a promising potential source of immunotolerance inducers. In the current study, we sought first to optimize conditions for a validated cellular model of human Jurkat cells; and then used this m...

B cell tolerance to self-antigen is critical to preventing antibody-mediated autoimmunity. Previous work using B cell antigen receptor transgenic animals suggested that self-antigen-specific B cells are either deleted from the repertoire, enter a state of diminished function termed anergy, or are ignorant to the presence of self-antigen. These mechanisms have not been assessed in a normal polyc...

The cellular basis of the in vitro and in vivo T cell responses to Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) has been investigated. The proliferation and cytotoxicity of V beta 8.1,2+,CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed in in vitro response to SEB. In primary cytotoxicity assays, CD4+ T cells from control spleens were more active than their CD8+ counterparts, however, in cells derived from SEB-primed ...

CD8(+) T cell anergy is a critical mechanism of peripheral tolerance, poorly investigated in response to immunotherapy. Here, using a pancreatic islet allograft model and CD3 antibody therapy, we showed, by single cell gene profiling, that intragraft CD8(+) lymphocytes coexpressing granzyme B and perforin were selectively depleted through the Fas/FasL pathway. This step led to long-standing ane...

The cellular basis of the in vitro and in vivo T cell responses to Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) has been investigated . The proliferation and cytotoxicity of V#8.1,2+,CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed in in vitro response to SEB. In primary cytotoxicity assays, CD4+ T cells from control spleens were more active than their CD8+ counterparts, however, in cells derived from SEB-primed mice...

Although the cost allocation method does not change the total benefits of CHP, the use of various cost allocation methods generally results in significant differences in costs allocated for CHP products. In order to overcome the inadequacy of existing cost allocating methods in theory and in practice, according to the different roles of anergy and exergy in heat supply process of CHP plant, the...

Purpose:Most studies characterizing antitumor properties of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have used the agonist, a-galactosylceramide (a-GalCer). However, a-GalCer induces strong, long-lasting anergy of iNKT cells, which could be a major detriment for clinical therapy. A novel iNKT cell agonist, b-mannosylceramide (b-ManCer), induces strong antitumor immunity through a mechanism disti...