AIMS To explore associations of deprivation and smoking, with prevalence of asthma, wheeze, and quality of life. METHODS Survey, using International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology, of children aged 13-14 years attending Scottish schools previously surveyed in 1995. RESULTS 4665/5247 (89%) pupils completed questionnaires. 3656/4665 (78.4%) had missed school fo...

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) occur in both old, passive galaxies and active, star-forming galaxies. This fact, coupled with the strong dependence of SN Ia rate on star formation rate, suggests that SNe Ia form from stars with a wide range of ages. Here we show that the rate of SN Ia explosions is about 1% of the stellar death rate, independent of star formation history. The dependence of SN Ia r...

This paper presents a novel application of multiagent systems to environment surveillance and develops a robust network wherein there is no need for a gateway node, which fuses information received from each node to construct a global map on a single location, and may cause a communication bottleneck. Recognizing the fact that network nodes may be heterogeneous with respect to the number of exo...

background: smoking has negative effects on reproductive process. exposing to cigarette smoking (passive smoking) may exert some effects as the direct smoking. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between ovarian response and passive smoking in women who underwent art cycles. materials and methods: one hundred-sixty patients who underwent icsi between 2000 and 2001 w...

To illustrate sonif oi the key paradigm shifts of their discipline, art historians often point to the fluctuating fortunes of ihe Arrh of Constantine. Reviled by Raphael, revered by Alois Riegl, condemned anew by the reactionary Bernard Berenson and conscripted by the openly Marxist Ranucchio Bianrhi Bandineili, the arch has .sened many agendas.' Despite their widely divergent conclusions, howe...

introduction: lead (pb) is a neurotoxin that its different effects on the central nervous system are well-known. previous studies have reported the potent effects of vitamin c on memory.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin c against leadinduced amnesia. methods: male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: the control (saline), negative control (lead), ...

This study focuses on the semiconductor properties of passive films formed on AISI 420 stainless steel immersed in four nitric acid solutions under open circuit potential (OCP) conditions. For this purpose, the passivation parameters and semiconductor properties of passive films were derived from potentiodynamic polarization and Mott–Schottky analysis, respectively. The OCP plots showed that th...

In this paper, an iterative technique is proposed to solve linear integrated active/passive design problems. The optimality of active and passive parts leads to the nonlinear algebraic Riccati equation due to the active parameters and some associated additional Lyapunov equations due to the passive parameters. Rather than the solution of the nonlinear algebraic Riccati equation, it is proposed ...

Mg alloys have a vast usage where weight reduction is really significant since they do the features really well for materials of ultra-light weight. However, Mg is inherently a reactive metal and its alloys generally possess quite weak corrosion resistance that widely restricts their technological usages, especially in some rough service conditions. Despite, many investigations on the passive a...