Copyright © 2015, Trauma Monthly. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited. Shiraz is one of the oldest cities of ancient Persia. ...

DRUG ADDIcTIoN, especially through the use of poppy (Papaver somniferum Linn.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa Linn.), is the main concern of this paper. Although the use of these two plants in medieval Islam was extensive, yet little has been written on this timely subject by historians of medicine and pharmacology. Consulting contemporary original sources, it is my hope to sketch a history of their...

Despite the great progress in modern medicine, traditional medicine has always been practised in the Arab-Islamic world. Cultural beliefs and practices often lead to self-care or home remedies in rural areas and consultation with traditional healers. Traditional therapies have been utilized by people in the Mediterranean region who have faith in spiritual healers, homeopaths or even many herbal...

Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) consists of the sum total of all the knowledge and practices used in Persia from ancient times to now, from generation to generation relying exclusively on practical experience and observation handed down from generation to generation. TIM roots go back to over 2000 years ago and It is not too bold to go even further and claim that the Persians taught the Gree...

Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) consists of the sum total of all the knowledge and practices used in Persia from ancient times to now, from generation to generation relying exclusively on practical experience and observation handed down from generation to generation. TIM roots go back to over 2000 years ago and It is not too bold to go even further and claim that the Persians taught the Gree...

Reasoning about time is a very ancient discipline, perhaps as old as prehistoric man. These ancient humans had discovered how long to roast their hunted meat and how to dry and age the skins of animals. They learned how and when to plant seeds, and where guided by the cycles of the sun, moon and the seasons. Our ancestors knew that day followed night and night followed day, and they had some no...

John Fryer, m.d. (Cantab.), f.r.s., may be rightly described as the most observant and learned of all the physicians and surgeons of the East India Company in the 17th century. He came out to India in 1673 and served at various settlements in this country and Persia till 1682. During his journey to his station, Surat, he visited Fort St. George and Masulipatam on the Coromandel coast, and Goa a...