Aarts, Jan, 55, 357 absence, 23, 25 action, fields of, 19, 20 activity type, 120, 151 adaptability, 52 address, direct, 88 adjective, 137 adverb, 137 affect, 94 agency, 13 Ahearn, Laura, 147, 357 Aijmer, Karin, 152, 357 Alavi, Seema, 357 Allport, Gordon, 10, 357 Althusser, L., 8, 10, 199, 357 ambiguity, 122 ambivalence, 24 Ames, Mary Frances, 194, 357 analysis, formal, 118 anaphora, 116 anarchi...

Allport (1954) recognized that attachment to one’s ingroups does not necessarily require hostility toward outgroups. Yet the prevailing approach to the study of ethnocentrism, ingroup bias, and prejudice presumes that ingroup love and outgroup hate are reciprocally related. Findings from both cross-cultural research and laboratory experiments support the alternative view that ingroup identifica...

Allport specified four conditions for optimal intergroup contact: equal group status within the situation, common goals, intergroup cooperation and authority support. Varied research supports the hypothesis, but four problems remain. 1. A selection bias limits cross-sectional studies, since prejudiced people avoid intergroup contact. Yet research finds that the positive effects of cross-group f...

Historically, religion and religious belief have often been credited as the source of human morality. But what have been the real effects of religion on prosocial behavior? A review of the psychological literature reveals a complex relation between religious belief and moral action: leading to greater prosocial behavior in some contexts but not in others, and in some cases actually increasing a...

Allport (1954) recognized that attachment to one’s ingroups does not necessarily require hostility toward outgroups. Yet the prevailing approach to the study of ethnocentrism, ingroup bias, and prejudice presumes that ingroup love and outgroup hate are reciprocally related. Findings from both cross-cultural research and laboratory experiments support the alternative view that ingroup identifica...

As Allport (1954) implied, the content of stereotypes may be systematic, and specifically, ambivalent. We hypothesize two clusters of outgroups, one perceived as incompetent but warm (resulting in paternalistic prejudice) and one perceived as competent but not warm (resulting in envious prejudice). Perceived group status predicts perceived competence, and perceived competition predicts perceive...

Two studies were conducted to examine the relations between similar minority groups. We predicted that minority group members would show horizontal hostility, a form of prejudice, against members of a similar, but more mainstream, minority group. The results of both studies confirmed this hypothesis. In Study 1, members of 3 Jewish congregations (reform, conservative, orthodox) showed prejudice...

religious values were investigated in a group of iranian revolutionary guards in tehran.the sample consisted of official duty troops and conscripts who were in prison due to a crime. one hundred thirty seven individuals cooperated with us in the project (37 official personnel and 100 conscripts). the instruments used included a demographic questionnaire containing personal data and the allport,...

We examined the associations of the Big Five personality factors with religiousness in adulthood for a 19-year longitudinal sample of 492 adolescents aged 12 to 18. Among the Big Five, Conscientiousness in adolescence was uniquely related to higher religiousness in early adulthood. For adolescents high in emotional stability, the link between strength of religious upbringing and religiousness i...