BACKGROUND To estimate the lifetime prevalence and address the attitudes and knowledge of using prohibited substances (doping) among sport players in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional survey carried out using systematic random sampling technique among Saudi players of variable sports attending the sport clubs, stadiums, and sport fields (70 sport clubs, 22 types of sports belong to 22 S...

this study aimed to examine the relationship between anger rumination and aggression in a sample of iranian athletes. a correlational analysis was performed to assess the kind of association between four subscales of anger rumination (angry afterthoughts, thoughts of revenge, angry memories, and understanding of causes) and different aspects of competitive aggression and aggressive behavior inc...

The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Managerial Behaviour Instrument, Portuguese version, for the Brazilian sport federations. The sample was composed of 263 members of federations, including managerial (39.5%), technical (35.1%), executive (20.6%) bodies and others (4.9%). The study used descriptive, reliability and confirm-atory factor analyses. Values of int...

Increased in-depth knowledge on how sport federations shape their social media affordances to build relationships with audiences will develop the understanding and ongoing discussion effects of in organized sports. The aim this study was therefore investigate what way sports create an increased they interact through media. Three federations, Swedish Basketball Federation, Skateboard Association...

On August 19, 2009, Caster Semenya, South African track star, won a gold medal in the women's 800-meter event. According to media reports, on the same day, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) ordered Semenya to undergo gender verification testing. This article critically assesses the main concepts and claims that undergird international sport organizations' policies re...

This research studied the coaches’ perceptions of innovation programs Royal Spanish Tennis Federation (RFET) during 2016-2020. The RFET is one most relevant national federations in Spain both terms results at highest levels game as well participation and grassroots tennis. Coaches are considered stakeholders any sport federation due to their role delivering sport. A 29-item questionnaire adapte...