Proinflammatory Th1 responses are believed to be involved in the induction and perpetuation of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the role of IFN-gamma, the major cytokine produced by Th1 cells, is still incompletely defined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of IFN-gamma deficiency (IFN-gamma(-/-)) on the course of experimental murine Ag-induced arthritis (AIA). In the acute stage ...

The objective of this study was to detect interleukin-17 (IL-17), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 (Foxp3) protein and gene expression of the optic nerve and to further explore the role of T helper cell subsets such as Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg in the pathogenesis of optic neuritis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EA...

Th cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17 are linked to the development of autoimmune disease. In models of rheumatoid arthritis, that is, proteoglycan (PG)-induced arthritis, IFN-γ is required, whereas in collagen-induced arthritis, IL-17 is necessary for development of arthritis. In this study we show that the route of immunization determines the requirement for either IFN-γ or IL-17 in arthritis. Intrape...

Interleukin (IL)-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine that shares the identical p40 subunit as IL-12 but exhibits a unique p19 subunit similar to IL-12 p35. IL-12/23 p40, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-17 are critical for host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae. In vitro, K. pneumoniae-pulsed dendritic cell culture supernatants elicit T cell IL-17 production in a IL-23-dependent manner. Howe...

Background and objectives: Scrophularia megalantha is a native Iranian plant. In folk remedies, the species of the genus are used to treat stomach ulcers, goiter, eczema, cancer, psoriasis, and gall; however, there is not much research about S. megalantha. The current study aimed at evaluating the therapeutic effect of Scrophularia megalantha, a medic...

Both Th1 and Th17 cells are important components of the immune response to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in adults, but less is known about T cell responses to Hp during early childhood, when the infection is often acquired. We investigated Th1 and Th17 type responses to Hp in adults, children and infants in Bangladesh, where Hp is highly endemic. IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA levels in gastric biopsies from...

INTRODUCTION The lacrimal gland (LG) of the CD25-/- model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) has high interleukin (IL)-17, IL-13 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) cytokines. The specific contribution of these cytokines to the onset and severity of dacryoadenitis in the CD25-/- mice has not been evaluated. METHODS CD25-/-IL-17A-/-, CD25-/-IL-17-/-IFN-γ-/- and CD25-/-IFN-γ-/- were used at 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks...

BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) serves as a model for human intraocular inflammation. IFN-β has been used in the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. Earlier studies showed that it ameliorated EAU; however, the mechanisms involved in this inhibition are still largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS B10RIII mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoi...