Recent experimental data [1–7] indicate that the elastic wormlike rod (WLR) model of DNA that works well on long length scales may break down on shorter scales relevant to biology. According to Noy and Golestanian (N&G) [8] molecular dynamics (MD) simulations predict DNA rigidity close to experimental data and confirm one scenario of such breakdown, namely, that for lengths of a few helical tur...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate early morphological and functional pathology in the retinal micro-circulation in patients with insulin resistance and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Fifty-four subjects, without features of retinopathy under ophthalmological investigation, were recruited for study participation and were classified into three study groups accordi...

Scorpions of the Family Buthidae have lower water loss rates (WLR) and enhanced osmoregulatory capacities in comparison with sympatric species of F. Scorpionidae. In this study we followed changes in water content of different body compartments in four scorpion species under prolonged desiccation conditions. The high initial WLR previously reported for Scorpionidae result in rapid depletion of ...

In winter 2008-2009, Lake Occhito, a strategic multiple-uses reservoir in South Italy, was affected by an extraordinary Planktothrix rubescens bloom. P. rubescens is a filamentous potentially toxic cyanobacterium which has recently colonized many environments in Europe. A number of studies is currently available on the use of remote sensing techniques to monitor different fresh water cyanobacte...

The water balance of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) has significant implications for understanding biogeography and climate change responses in these African disease vectors. Although moisture is important for tsetse population dynamics, evolutionary responses of Glossina water balance to climate have been relatively poorly explored and earlier studies may have been confounded by several f...

Brighter Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have broader, more slowly declining B-band light curves than dimmer SNe Ia. We study the physical origin of this width-luminosity relation (WLR) using detailed radiative transfer calculations of Chandrasekhar mass SN Ia models. We find that the luminosity dependence of the diffusion time (emphasized in previous studies) is in fact of secondary relevance in u...

Adult mosquito survival is strongly temperature and moisture dependent. Few studies have investigated the interacting effects of these variables on adult survival and how this differs among the sexes and with age, despite the importance of such information for population dynamic models. For these reasons, the desiccation tolerance of Anopheles arabiensis Patton and Anopheles funestus Giles male...

A. INTRODUCTION The Bolam Test is a familiar concept to most doctors – it is the measure of whether one has discharged his or her standard of care in the management of the patient. It is not a test which applies only to doctors; it applies to all professionals. This test was developed through a series of English cases culminating in Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee (1957) 1 WLR 582....

Collection of wheat landraces (WLR) was conducted in Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey 2010–2014. A representative subset this collection used the current study included 45 bread from Turkey, 19 20 Afghanistan. This material supplemented by 73 modern cultivars breeding lines adapted to semiarid conditions irrigated conditions. Overall, 157 genotypes were tested 2018 2019 Afghanistan Iran under rain...

OBJECTIVES In this study, we develop a microdensitometry method using full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis of the retinal vascular structure in a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) image and present the application of this method in the morphometry of arteriolar changes during hypertension. METHODS Two raters using manual and FWHM methods measured retinal vessel outer...