Axisymmetric acoustic wave-modes propagating along buried water pipes have been investigated by the method of finite elements and experimentally. High precision dispersion relations are presented in this paper as a function of the geometry, the embedding material and the elastic modulus of the pipes. It is found that at low frequencies the fundamental axisymmetric acoustic mode of the water cyl...

OBJECTIVES We examined prevalence rates of water pipe tobacco smoking among young people as a first step in assessing the health implications of this form of tobacco use. METHODS We examined water pipe use with data from the 2007 Florida Youth Tobacco Survey, which assessed tobacco-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors among the state's middle and high school students. RESULTS Four perc...

PCE (perchlorethylene, also known as 'perc' or tetrachloroethylene), was used in the production of plastic linings for drinking water distribution pipes in the late 1960s and 1970s. This new and relatively untested type of distribution pipe was used in over 700 miles of New England's water distribution systems. Not until 1976 was it discovered that PCE had been leaching into the water from the ...

Well functioning water networks are essential to the sustainability of a community. Large transmission and distribution water mains are often the most sensitive components of these networks since their failure can be catastrophic. Furthermore, due to the high cost of these pipes, the system does not usually provide redundancy to enable decommission for maintenance and rehabilitation. Hence, fai...

The possible effects of pipe materials on drinking water quality have been analyzed in the distribution system of the water treatment plant of “La Concepción” in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. “La Concepción” is a surface water reservoir experiencing biogeochemical cycling of manganese. Black water problems have been reported in the distribution system since 1998. An evaluation of the potential influen...

this paper is about experimental results for partial reduction of vortex at vertical pipe intakes. one of the easiest and practical ways of reducing vortex effect is to use anti-vortex plates or baffles. these plates can be used to avoid the vortex completely or partially. this paper will concentrate on the latter case. rectangular plates with different dimensions have been placed at different ...

Steady-state and transient experiments of water–gas, oil–water and oil–water–gas multiphase flows were conducted on a transparent 11 m long, 15 cm diameter, inclinable pipe using kerosene, tap water and nitrogen. The pipe inclination was varied from 0 (vertical) to 92 and the flow rates of each phase were varied over wide ranges. Fast-acting valves enabled the trapping of the fluid flowing in t...

Kimberlite volcanism involves the emplacement of olivine-rich volcaniclastic deposits into volcanic vents or pipes. Kimberlite deposits are typically pervasively serpentinised as a result of the reaction of olivine and water within a temperature range of 130-400 °C or less. We present a model for the influx of ground water into hot kimberlite deposits coupled with progressive cooling and serpen...

Over the past several years, the presence of fibrous asbestos particulates has been observed in a number of municipal water supplies throughout the USA, Canada, and several other regions all over the world. The possible health hazards which these fibers present have spurred a great deal of interest in the problems of detection and removal of the submicroscopic particulates in water. Asbestos is...

Early detection of pipeline damages has been highlighted in water supply industry. Water pressure change in pipeline due to a sudden rupture causes pipe to vibrate and the pressure change propagates through the pipeline. From the measurement of pipe vibration the rupture can be detected. In this paper, the field test results and observations are provided for implementing next generation of SCAD...